Comprewhensive techno-environmental evaluation of an isolated PV/wind/biomass hybrid microgrid employing various battery technologies: A comparative analysis.

Renewable energy technologies offer promise for addressing energy access and environmental concerns, especially in remote off-grid areas. This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of an off-grid PV/wind/biomass hybrid system. Employing optimization techniques including the osprey optimization algorithm (OOA), zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA), and flying foxes optimization (FFO) algorithm, the study aims to determine the optimal sizing of solar PV, wind, biomass, and battery components.