Compositional difference in antioxidant and antibacterial activity of all parts of the Carica papaya using different solvents.

Background: Carica papaya is a well known medicinal plant used in the West and Asian countries to cope several diseases. Patients were advised to eat papaya fruit frequently during dengue fever epidemic in Pakistan by physicians. This study was conducted to establish Polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant potential profile of extracts of all major parts of the C.

Assessing of oxidative stress related parameters in diabetes mellitus type 2: cause excessive damaging to DNA and enhanced homocysteine in diabetic patients.

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been documented subsist to the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. The strength of both parameters could be estimated by measuring oxidative stress marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), its related parameters and the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma of DM patients. Lipid peroxidation was measured as TBARS and presented as malondialdehyde, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (Tg), the antioxidants (vitamin A (β-carotene), vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase) levels.

Low maternal iodine intake and early pregnancy hypothyroxinemia: Possible repercussions for children.

Objective: Recent studies have shown that early pregnancy hypothyroxinemia (lower free thyroxin [FT4] and normal thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] concentration) has deleterious effects on neuro-intellectual development of children. This study was designed to know its incidence in local pregnant women.

Materials And Methods: Urinary iodine (UI) and serum thyroid related hormone (FT4, free triiodothyronine [FT3], and TSH) were determined in 254 pregnant women during the first trimester.

Novel indium-111 labeled gastrin peptide analogues (MG-CL1-4): synthesis and quality control.

Radiolabeled neuropeptides are widely investigated to diagnose and therapy of tumors. These peptides get internalization after binding with particular receptors at the surface of cells and finally move to lysosome. Internalization into tumor cells helps in mapping the infected site.

CA 15-3 (Mucin-1) and physiological characteristics of breast cancer from Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: High incidence of breast cancer and its fatal effect has reached an alarming stage across the globe, including the third world countries. Many factors have been reported to be associated with the development of breast cancer but detailed structural and functional information is missing. CA 15-3 is one of the known potential tumor marker of breast cancer; however little is known about structure and functional site of this protein.

Discovery of new chromone containing sulfonamides as potent inhibitors of bovine cytosolic carbonic anhydrase.

Series of chromone containing sulfonamides were prepared by the reaction of (un)substituted 3-formylchromones with 3-aminobenzenesulfonamide and 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide. Bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) inhibitory activity of these newly synthesized compounds was determined. All compounds were active and possessed excellent bCA inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranged between 4.

Oxidative stress elevated DNA damage and homocysteine level in normal pregnant women in a segment of Pakistani population.

Maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy may impair fetal growth and help in the development of diseases in adulthood. The aim of current study was to assess total oxidation status (TOS), related parameters and their relationship to DNA damage (%) and homocysteine level in normal pregnant women in low-income participants. In a cross-sectional study healthy women were grouped as normal, while age matched nulliparous and singleton pregnancies were included for first, second and third trimester groups.

Radiopeptide internalisation and externalization assays: cell viability and radioligand integrity.

Various aspects of radiopeptide receptor-mediated cell internalisation and externalization assays were assessed, including the integrity of externalized peptides and the effect of varying the pH and incubation time of the acid wash step (to remove surface receptor-bound ligand) on efficacy and cell viability. The observed intact proportion of externalized peptide was 5-10%, and acid wash buffers with pH 2.8 or below were found to be detrimental to cell viability and integrity, particularly following prolonged incubation times.

Iodine deficiency in pregnant women of Lahore.

Objective: To know extent of iodine deficiency (ID), role of thyroid enlargement (goiter) as marker of ID and current status of iodized salt intake in pregnant women of Lahore.

Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, during March 2002 to September 2005. Pregnant women (n = 254) during first trimester attending antenatal clinic participated voluntarily.

Insertion of a lysosomal enzyme cleavage site into the sequence of a radiolabeled neuropeptide influences cell trafficking in vitro and in vivo.

Radiolabeled neuropeptides are widely explored for targeting tumours for either imaging or radiotherapeutic purposes. After binding to their receptors, these peptides are rapidly internalized into lysosomes, where they are degraded by proteolytic enzymes, such as cathepsins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the inclusion of specific cleavage sites for cathepsin B into the peptide sequence.

3-(6-Bromo-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothia-diazine-1,1-dione.

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(16)H(11)BrN(2)O(4)S, is very similar to that of the previously reported fluoro analogue [al-Rashida et al. (2010 ▶). Acta Cryst.

3-(6-Fluoro-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothia-diazine-1,1-dione.

In the title compound, C(16)H(11)FN(2)O(4)S, the mean planes of the bicyclic chromone system and of the benzene ring of the benzothia-diazine derivative make a dihedral angle of 54.28 (5)°. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs.

Plasma homocysteine and DNA damage profiles in normal and obese subjects in the Pakistani population.

Dependence of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and DNA damage profiles on melanodialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress, liver function tests (LFT), and lipids was studied in non-obese and obese subjects in the Pakistani population. Development of obesity is influenced by both genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and DNA damage profiles play a pivotal role in its progression.

Determination of heavy metals in fresh water fish species of the River Ravi, Pakistan compared to farmed fish varieties.

The untreated industrial and sewage wastes arising from industries and metropolitan activities make their passage to the River Ravi, Pakistan, where Balloki Headworks is one of the major sites of effluent concentration. This study was designed to evaluate the concentration of various toxic elements in fishes of that area compared to a nearby fish farm. The concentrations of heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn, and electrolytes Ca, K, and Na were determined in different edible and non-edible fresh water fish varieties.

4-[(Z)-(2-Eth-oxy-4-oxochroman-3-yl-idene)methyl-amino]benzene-sulfonamide monohydrate.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(18)H(18)N(2)O(5)S·H(2)O, the heterocyclic ring adopts a twisted conformation, while the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 45.46 (3)°. Intra-molecular C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O inter-actions result in the formations of planar five- and six-membered rings.

To study the significance of apoptotic enzyme granzyme H in breast cancer patients.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The rising global incidence, morbidity and mortality from breast cancer have led to intensified efforts in search for etiological factors of the disease. Present study tried to find out the significance of apoptotic enzyme granzyme H in breast cancer patients.

MUC1 based breast cancer vaccines: role of post translational modifications.

Background: Vaccine development is one of the most promising fields in cancer research. After autologous transplantation, due to low tumour burden, patients are more likely to respond immunologically to a cancer vaccine. MUC1 with its adhesive and antiadhesive functions, immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive activities, is therefore a good candidate for breast cancer vaccine.

Thyroid dysfunction in infertile women.

Objective: To determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in infertile women referred for thyroid evaluation.

Design: A retrospective case-control study.

Place And Duration Of Study: This study was carried out at Centre for Nuclear Medicine (CENUM), Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from July 2003 to December 2006.