Severity of metabolic derangement predicts survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the likelihood of benefiting from extracorporeal life support.

Objective: To develop a Metabolic Derangement Score (MDS) based on parameters available after initial testing and assess the score's ability to predict survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the likely usefulness of extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Methods: A total of 5100 cases in the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium registry were included. Patients' mean age was 67 years, and 69% were men.

Real-World Utilization Patterns of Oral Corticosteroids During Pregnancy: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea.

Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are frequently used during pregnancy, but patterns of their usage and indications are understudied. We described OCS utilization among pregnant women in South Korea using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, 2010-2021. Among 4,574,294 pregnancies, 6.

Effects of Genetic Risk and Lifestyle Habits on Gout: A Korean Cohort Study.

Background: Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposits, and the prevalence of this condition has been increasing. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of genetic risk factors and lifestyle habits on gout, using data from a Korean cohort study. Identifying high-risk individuals in advance can help prevent gout and its associated disorders.

Intracerebral hemorrhage in CADASIL.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common hereditary cerebral small vessel disease caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. This review highlights the increasing recognition of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as a significant manifestation of CADASIL, often predominantly characterized by ischemic strokes and vascular dementia. Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of ICH in CADASIL patients ranges from 0.

Synergistic effects of L-arginine and argininosuccinate synthetase 1 in inducing apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. Although numerous efforts have been made to identify effective therapies for HCC, current strategies have limitations. We present a new approach for targeting L-arginine and argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1).

Flat-Band Electronic Bipolarity in a Janus and Kagome van der Waals Semiconductor NbTeI.

Janus materials, a novel class of materials with two faces of different chemical compositions and electronic polarities, offer significant potential for various applications with catalytic reactions, chemical sensing, and optical or electronic responses. A key aspect for such functionalities is face-dependent electronic bipolarity, which is usually limited by the chemical distinction of terminated surfaces and has not been exploited in the semiconducting regime. Here, it is showed that a Janus and Kagome van der Waals (vdW) material NbTeI has ferroelectric-like coherent stacking of the Janus layers and hosts strong electronic bipolar states in the semiconducting regime.

Neurosteroids and neurological disorders.

Neurosteroids play an important role as endogenous neuromodulators that are locally produced in the central nervous system and rapidly change the excitability of neurons and the activation of microglial cells and astrocytes. Here we review the mechanisms of synthesis, metabolism, and actions of neurosteroids in the central nervous system. Neurosteroids are able to play a variety of roles in the central nervous system under physiological conditions by binding to membrane ion channels and receptors such as gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, Nmethyl- D-aspartate receptors, L- and T-type calcium channels, and sigma-1 receptors.

Microglial galectin-3 increases with aging in the mouse hippocampus.

Microglial activation during aging is associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Galectin-3 plays a crucial role in microglial activation and phagocytosis. However, the role of galectin-3 in the aged brain is not completely understood.

The MyLungHealth study protocol: a pragmatic patient-randomised controlled trial to evaluate a patient-centred, electronic health record-integrated intervention to enhance lung cancer screening in primary care.

Introduction: Early lung cancer screening (LCS) through low-dose CT (LDCT) is crucial but underused due to various barriers, including incomplete or inaccurate patient smoking data in the electronic health record and limited time for shared decision-making. The objective of this trial is to investigate a patient-centred intervention, MyLungHealth, delivered through the patient portal. The intervention is designed to improve LCS rates through increased identification of eligible patients and informed decision-making.

HDAC4/5 Inhibitor, LMK-235 Improves Animal Voluntary Movement in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model.

Oxidation of dopamine can cause various side effects, which ultimately leads to cell death and contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD). To counteract dopamine oxidation, newly synthesized dopamine is quickly transported into vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) for storage. VMAT2 expression is reduced in patients with PD, and studies have shown increased accumulation of dopamine oxidation byproducts and α-synuclein in animals with low VMAT2 expression.

Structural Dynamics of SNARE Complex Assembly in the Ribbon Synapses Observed by smFRET.

Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a powerful technique for studying the structural dynamics of protein molecules or detecting interactions between protein molecules in real time. Due to the high sensitivity in spatial and temporal resolution, smFRET can decipher sub-populations within heterogeneous native state conformations, which are generally lost in traditional measurements due to ensemble averaging. In addition, the single-molecule reconstitution allows protein molecules to be observed for an extensive period of time and can recapitulate the geometry of the cellular environment to retain biological function.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines for the role of surgery in the management of patients with diffuse low grade glioma: update.

Target populationAdults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas)QuestionIn adults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas), does surgical resection improve overall survival compared to observation or biopsy?Updated Recommendation from the Prior Version of These Guidelines:Level III: In adults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas), surgical resection is suggested over observation or biopsy to improve overall survival.Question Q2In adults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas), does maximal surgical resection improve progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to subtotal resection/biopsy?Unchanged Recommendations from the Prior Version of These GuidelinesLevel II It is recommended that GTR or STR be accomplished instead of biopsy alone when safe and feasible so as to decrease the frequency of tumor progression recognizing that the rate of progression after GTR is fairly high.Level III Greater extent of resection can improve OS in WHO grade II diffuse gliomas patients.

Efficacy and safety of topical cream containing aminoacryl tRNA synthetase complex interacting 1-derived peptide in mitigating radiation dermatitis after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer.

Purpose: Acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is a frequent side effect experienced by breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a topical cream containing aminoacryl tRNA synthetase complex interacting 1 (AIMP1)-derived peptide (AdP) in mitigating radiation dermatitis (RD) in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Methods: An 8-week single-center, prospective pilot study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of an AdP-containing cream with a control cream lacking AdP for the mitigation of RD.

Single-cell transcriptomics in a child with coenzyme Q10 nephropathy: potential of single-cell RNA sequencing in pediatric kidney disease.

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) nephropathy is a well-known cause of hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, primarily impacting podocytes. This study aimed to elucidate variations in individual cell-level gene expression in CoQ10 nephropathy using single-cell transcriptomics.

Methods: We conducted single-cell sequencing of a kidney biopsy specimen from a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with a CoQ10 nephropathy caused by a compound heterozygous COQ2 mutation complicated with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced diagnosis of degenerative joint disease using temporomandibular joint panoramic radiography and joint noise data.

This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for the screening of degenerative joint disease (DJD) using temporomandibular joint (TMJ) panoramic radiography and joint noise data. A total of 2631 TMJ panoramic images were collected, resulting in a final dataset of 3908 images (2127 normal (N) and 1781 DJD (D)) after excluding indeterminate cases and errors. AI models using GoogleNet were evaluated with six different combinations of image data, clinician-detected crepitus, and patient-reported joint noise.

Unveiling Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Patients with Graves' Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

Background: Antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is the preferred initial treatment for Graves' disease (GD) in South Korea, despite higher treatment failure rates than radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy or thyroidectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of treatment failure associated with the primary modalities for GD treatment in real-world practice.

Methods: We included 452,001 patients diagnosed with GD between 2004 and 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database.

Differential determinants and prognostic value of aortic valve sclerosis over carotid atherosclerosis.

Background: Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) is a progressive atherosclerotic disease associated with future cardiovascular events (CVE). However, whether its development and prognostic value are independent of arterial atherosclerosis has not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated the determinants and prognostic value of AVS in conjunction with carotid atherosclerosis.

Carbon dioxide-mediated catalytic pyrolysis of lignin in syngas production.

Kraft lignin (KL), a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, is commonly combusted as a low-grade fuel. However, its high sulphur content results in the emission of sulphur oxides, which pose environmental hazards. This study explores a sustainable approach for the valorisation of waste KL into syngas via CO-mediated pyrolysis.

Cognitive response to energy variations in Non-Contact tactile sensations interface using Laser-Induced plasma.

Laser-induced plasma technology provides a novel method for generating tactile sensations without physical contact, offering precise and controlled stimulation. However, the impact of varying energy levels on human cognitive and perceptual responses is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to present tactile sensations using laser-induced plasma in a non-contact manner and investigate the cognitive characteristics linked to changes in the plasma's energy parameters, specifically Pulse Width (PW) and Set Current (SC).

Nicotine Metabolism-Related Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Smoking Cessation in Korean Men: A Candidate Gene Association Study in a Korean Cohort.

Introduction: Smoking cessation is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, particularly genetic polymorphisms influencing nicotine metabolism. This study investigated the association between specific nicotine metabolism-related genetic variants and smoking cessation among Korean men.

Methods: A candidate gene association study was performed targeting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within nicotine metabolism-related genes.

IGF1 enhances memory function in obese mice and stabilizes the neural structure under insulin resistance via AKT-GSK3β-BDNF signaling.

Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disorder linked to insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, increased adiposity, chronic inflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. Recent research has focused on developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate cognitive impairment associated with obesity. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1) deficiency is linked to insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and the progression of obesity-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

ODSEI Chip: An Open 3D Microfluidic Platform for Studying Tumor Spheroid-Endothelial Interactions.

Current in vitro models of 3D tumor spheroids within the microenvironment have emerged as promising tools for understanding tumor progression and potential drug responses. However, creating spheroids with functional vasculature remains challenging in a controlled and high-throughput manner. Herein, a novel open 3D-microarray platform is presented for a spheroid-endothelium interaction (ODSEI) chip, capable of arraying more than 1000 spheroids on top of the vasculature, compartmentalized for single spheroid-level analysis of drug resistance, and allows for the extraction of specific spheroids for further analysis.

Spatiotemporal Dynamic Immunomodulation by Infection-Mimicking Gels Enhances Broad and Durable Protective Immunity Against Heterologous Viruses.

Despite their safety and widespread use, conventional protein antigen-based subunit vaccines face significant challenges such as low immunogenicity, insufficient long-term immunity, poor CD8 T-cell activation, and poor adaptation to viral variants. To address these issues, an infection-mimicking gel (IM-Gel) is developed that is designed to emulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of immune stimulation in acute viral infections through in situ supramolecular self-assembly of nanoparticulate-TLR7/8a (NP-TLR7/8a) and an antigen with tannic acid (TA). Through collagen-binding properties of TA, the IM-Gel enables sustained delivery and enhanced retention of NP-TLR7/8a and protein antigen in the lymph node subcapsular sinus of mice for over 7 days, prolonging the exposure of vaccine components in both B cell and T cell zones, leading to robust humoral and cellular responses.

In-Plane Anisotropy in van der Waals NiTeSe Ternary Alloy.

The anisotropic properties of materials profoundly influence their electronic, magnetic, optical, and mechanical behaviors and are critical for a wide range of applications. In this study, the anisotropic characteristics of Ni-based van der Waals materials, specifically NiTe and its alloy NiTeSe, utilizing a combination of comprehensive scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, are explored. Unlike 1T-NiTe, which exhibits trigonal in-plane symmetry, the substitution of Te with Se in NiTe (resulting in the NiTeSe alloy) induces a pronounced in-plane anisotropy.