Qualitative analysis of health literacy: exploring a Kenyan community's response to childhood illness.

Parents are the first-line healthcare providers for their children and, thus, need to identify and treat symptoms, including knowing whether and how to seek treatment from healthcare professionals. In addition to the tangible resources necessary to address childhood illness, parents' health literacy skills impact their treatment decisions. The current study considered data gathered through focus groups (N = 9 groups) and key informant interviews (N = 13) to explore approaches to childhood illness and their implications for health literacy among Kenyan parents of young children (birth to age 5).

Implementing a multisite efficacy trial to facilitate maternal disclosure to children: the TRACK HIV Disclosure Intervention.

HIV remains prevalent, stigmatized, and requires parents to decide whether and how to disclose to their serostatus to their children. Teaching Raising And Communicating with Kids (TRACK), an intervention to support maternal disclosure of HIV status to children, demonstrated efficacy through a pilot and a full-scale multisite trial. In response to the limited availability of best practices for conducting multisite research and recognizing the importance of identification of key intervention components, the current manuscript presents the traditional elements of an implementation paper along with secondary data analyses to identify drivers of the intervention's effects.

The Use of Virtual Reality Technology in the Treatment of Anxiety and Other Psychiatric Disorders.

After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Evaluate the literature regarding the effectiveness of incorporating virtual reality (VR) in the treatment of psychiatric disorders• Assess the use of exposure-based intervention for anxiety disorders ABSTRACT: Virtual reality (VR) allows users to experience a sense of presence in a computer-generated, three-dimensional environment. Sensory information is delivered through a head-mounted display and specialized interface devices. These devices track head movements so that the movements and images change in a natural way with head motion, allowing for a sense of immersion.

Targeting memory reconsolidation to prevent the return of fear in patients with fear of flying.

Background: When a memory is recalled, it may again exist in a labile state and stored information becomes amenable to change, a psychobiological process known as reconsolidation. Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders involves accessing a fear memory and modifying it with less fearful information. A preclinical study reported that providing a reminder of a fear memory 10 min prior to extinction training in humans decreased fear up to 1 year later (Schiller et al.

Hidden structural order in orthorhombic Ta2O5.

We investigate using first-principles calculations the atomic structure of the orthorhombic phase of Ta(2)O(5). Although this structure has been studied for decades, the correct structural model is controversial owing to the complication of structural disorder. We identify a new low-energy high-symmetry structural model, where all Ta and O atoms have the correct formal oxidation states of +5 and -2, respectively, and the experimentally reported triangular lattice symmetry of the Ta sublattice appears dynamically at finite temperatures.

Physical electro-thermal model of resistive switching in bi-layered resistance-change memory.

Tantalum-oxide-based bi-layered resistance-change memories (RRAMs) have recently improved greatly with regard to their memory performances. The formation and rupture of conductive filaments is generally known to be the mechanism that underlies resistive switching. The nature of the filament has been studied intensively and several phenomenological models have consistently predicted the resistance-change behavior.

Density functional calculations on the mechanical properties of nitrogen or oxygen doped crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5.

The mechanical properties of pure and doped crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 were investigated by using density functional calculations. Nitrogen or oxygen was added at either the interstitial or substitutional sites of cubic Ge2Sb2Te5. The lattice parameter, elastic stiffness and related moduli were investigated from the viewpoint of the doping concentration, dopant species, dopant states and film direction.

Assembly of a multichannel video system to simultaneously record cerebral emboli with cerebral imaging.

Stroke remains a significant risk of carotid revascularization for atherosclerotic disease. Emboli generated at the time of treatment either using endarterectomy or stent-angioplasty may progress with blood flow and lodge in brain arteries. Recently, the use of protection devices to trap emboli created at the time of revascularization has helped to establish a role for stent-supported angioplasty compared with endarterectomy.

Establishment of a cryopreservation method for the industrial use of D-amino acid oxidase-overexpressing Escherichia coli.

A cryopreservation condition for D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO)-overexpressing Escherichia coli (E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-DAAO) was established. Ten percent was the optimum concentration of glycerol as a cryoprotectant, and its diffusion into stationary phase cells was superior to that into log cells.

An approach to strain improvement and enhanced production of clavulanic acid in Streptomyces clavuligerus.

To develop a strategy for improved production of clavulanic acid (CA), we investigated the effect of using oils on cell growth and CA production during the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL 3585. In this analysis, triolein, whose fatty acid is oleic acid only, was the best oil source for CA production, but free fatty acids generated from the hydrolysis of oils in a culture broth negatively impacted CA production and cell growth. Hence, we screened for mutants that were resistant to high concentrations of oleic acid.