Complexities in Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer in Female-to-Male Transgender Patients.

Introduction: Managing breast cancer in female-to-male (FtM) transgender patients is complicated and challenging. Androgens play a crucial role in the development of secondary sexual identity in FtM transgender patients, but their effectiveness in breast cancer remains unclear. Furthermore, the considerations for adjuvant endocrine therapy in this population are highly intricate and warrant thorough discussion.

Laparoscopic repair for internal hernia associated with colostomy: a case report.

A 63-year-old woman was admitted with abdominal pain two months after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. Computed tomography revealed dilated small intestine had passed through a defect between the lifted sigmoid colon and abdominal wall. She was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction without strangulation due to internal hernia and managed nonoperatively based on her wish.

Concurrent Bowen's Disease of the Nipple and Breast Cancer.

Bowen's disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ that commonly develops on the trunk, arms, or legs and has not spread beyond the top layer of skin. It seldom develops on the nipple. We report a patient who presented with Bowen's disease of the nipple and had a concurrent breast cancer identified in the ipsilateral breast after careful examination.