The impact of sexual reproduction-induced vertical migration on the complexity of harmful algal blooms in Heterosigma akashiwo.

Vertical migration behaviour, which is integral to marine energy circulation, is a prevalent trait among marine organisms. However, the behaviour of phytoplankton, particularly beyond diel vertical migration (DVM), remain underexplored compared to groups like zooplankton. Through the lens of the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo, which exhibits active vertical migrations and unique fluctuating bloom dynamics, this study aimed to explore the ecological intricacies and diverse benefits of phytoplankton vertical migration behaviours.

Abiotic and biotic factors controlling sexual reproduction in populations of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae).

Pseudo-nitzschia pungens is a widely distributed marine pennate diatom. Hybrid zones, regions in which two different genotypes may interbreed, are important areas for speciation and ecology, and have been reported across the globe for this species. However, sexual reproduction between differing clades in the natural environment is yet to be observed and is difficult to predict.

The prolongation effect of ilaprazole-based standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection causes many diseases, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis and gastric cancer, and MALToma. It has been gradually accepted that all HP-infected patients should be treated because HP is regarded as an infection. Therefore, the importance of selecting the optimal treatment regimen has increased.

Evaluation of prognostic factor and nature of acute esophageal necrosis: Restropective multicenter study.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a serious disease which can causes gastrointestinal bleeding and death. Although black color change is not essential factor of organ necrosis, AEN is also known as "black esophagus." Because of its rarity, there are limited studies regarding risk factors of mortality and recurrence.

Comparisons of therapeutic outcomes in patients with nonampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NADNETs): A multicenter retrospective study.

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (DNETs) are rare tumors that are occasionally found during upper endoscopies. The incidence of DNETs is increasing, although the data regarding treatment outcomes are insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes in patients with nonampullary DNETs who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery.

Endovascular Management of Ruptured Middle Colic Artery Aneurysm and Review of the Literature.

A ruptured aneurysm of the middle colic artery (MCA) is extremely rare, and its etiology and optimal treatment are unclear. Previously, surgical intervention was the treatment of choice for ruptured visceral artery aneurysms. However, owing to recent advances in endovascular techniques, transcatheter arterial embolization has been recommended for the management of even ruptured splanchnic aneurysms in clinically stable patients without evidence of bowel ischemia.

Endoscopic Prediction of Tumor Invasion Depth in Early Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a poorly differentiated cancer of the stomach. Recent studies imply that early gastric SRC can be well managed by endoscopic resection. Unfortunately, unlike differentiated cancers, the endoscopic features of early gastric SRC have not been well studied.

Correction to: promotes biofuel competence of in a broad range of abiotic stressors: dynamics of quorum-sensing precursors and strategic improvement in lipid productivity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1097-9.].

promotes biofuel competence of in a broad range of abiotic stressors: dynamics of quorum-sensing precursors and strategic improvement in lipid productivity.

Background: Amelioration of biofuel feedstock of microalgae using sustainable means through synthetic ecology is a promising strategy. The co-cultivation model ( and ) was evaluated for the robust biofuel production under varying stressors as well as with the selected two-stage cultivation modes. In addition, the role of metabolic exudates including the quorum-sensing precursors was assessed.

Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Benzofuran Analogue That Serves as a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

We developed an orally active and blood-brain-barrier-permeable benzofuran analogue (8, MDR-1339) with potent antiaggregation activity. Compound 8 restored cellular viability from Aβ-induced cytotoxicity but also improved the learning and memory function of AD model mice by reducing the Aβ aggregates in the brains. Given the high bioavailability and brain permeability demonstrated in our pharmacokinetic studies, 8 will provide a novel scaffold for an Aβ-aggregation inhibitor that may offer an alternative treatment for AD.

Effectiveness of cholangioscopy using narrow band imaging for hepatobiliary malignancies.

Purpose: Recently, cholangioscopy using narrow band imaging (NBI) has been used as a diagnostic modality for better visualization in hepatobiliary malignancies; however, there are few reports on it. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of cholangioscopy using NBI in hepatobiliary malignancies.

Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2016, 152 cholangioscopies using percutaneous approach were conducted in total 123 patients.

Phycospheric Native Bacteria and sp. Ameliorate Biomass Productivity of (KCTC1432BP) in Co-cultivation System through Mutualistic Interaction.

Effective sustainable algal cultivation techniques are essential for mass production of the marine microalga for biofuel and array of co-products. The phycospheric communities affect the microalgal growth and metabolism through various allelochemical and nutrient interactions; hence, their potential to affect the quantity and quality of both biomass and bioproducts is significant. In the present study, we have screened the phycospheric communities of biofuel producing (KCTC1432BP).

High-Grade Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Cecum: A Case Report.

Gastrointestinal neoplasms with an exocrine and a neuroendocrine component are rare. Such neoplasms are called "mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas" (MANECs) according to the most recent World Health Organization classification of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. MANECs have no specific findings that distinguish them from pure adenocarcinomas.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach Presenting as Multilobular with Diffuse Calcifications.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common primary mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and usually appear as a well-circumscribed mass. However, it may be difficult to confirm the extent of the disease for some GISTs. A 70-year-old asymptomatic female presented for a regular physical exam.

Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infection after Treatment with Tuberculosis Medication.

Background/aims: To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) medication-associated Clostridium difficile infection.

Methods: This multicenter study included patients from eight tertiary hospitals enrolled from 2008 to 2013. A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify the clinical features of C.

Customized high-dose-rate brachytherapy using MRI planning for vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: To report the technical aspects of customized high-dose-rate brachytherapy for vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma using MRI- and CT-based planning in a 20-month-old girl.

Methods And Materials: An impression of the vaginal cavity at the resection site was taken after adequate lubrication of the vagina with lidocaine jelly. The impression was processed in the dental laboratory to obtain an MRI-compatible device with three imbedded catheters 0.

High-dose-rate brachytherapy for vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma using a personalized mold in a 20-month old patient.

Treatment of vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with conservative approaches is presently the standard of care. Intravaginal high-dose rate brachytherapy is a very effective treatment while sparing the normal tissue to preserve growth, fertility and prevent organ dysfunction. In this report, we describe the management of an infant with Stage I vaginal RMS, treated with chemotherapy, maximal safe resection and intravaginal brachytherapy using a customized mold and MRI and CT-based three-dimensional (3D) conformal planning, followed by a critical review of the literature.

Colonoscopy-induced ischemic colitis in patients without risk factors.

Ischemic colitis is the most common form of intestinal ischemia. It is a condition that is commonly seen in the elderly and among individuals with risk factors for ischemia. Common predisposing conditions for ischemic colitis are major vascular occlusion, small vessel disorder, shock, some medications, colonic obstructions and hematologic disorders.

A case of variceal bleeding from the jejunum in liver cirrhosis.

While esophagogastric varices are common manifestations of portal hypertension, variceal bleeding from the jejunum is a rare complication of liver cirrhosis. In addition, ectopic variceal bleeding occurs in the duodenum and at sites of previous bowel surgery in most cases, including of stomas. We report a case of obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding from jejunal varices in a 55-year-old woman who had not previously undergone abdominal surgery, who had liver cirrhosis induced by the hepatitis C virus.

Double guidewire technique vs transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy in difficult biliary cannulation.

Aim: To compare the outcomes between double-guidewire technique (DGT) and transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy (TPS) in patients with difficult biliary cannulation.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized study conducted in single tertiary referral hospital in Korea. Between January 2005 and September 2010.

The use of gabexate mesylate and ulinastatin for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

Background/aims: Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Only a few pharmacologic agents have been shown to have potential efficacy for the prophylactic treatment of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic gabexate and ulinastatin can decrease the incidence of PEP.

A case of phlegmonous gastritis associated with marked gastric distension.

Phlegmonous gastritis is an acute and severe infectious disease that is occasionally fatal if the diagnosis is delayed. Alcohol consumption, an immunocompromised state (e.g.

A Case of Obstructive Jaundice Caused by Paradoxical Reaction during Antituberculous Chemotherapy for Abdominal Tuberculosis.

Abdominal tuberculosis is not a rare disease, but obstructive jaundice caused by tuberculosis (tuberculous lymphadenitis, tuberculous enlargement of the head of pancreas, and/or tuberculous stricture of the biliary tree) is rare. We recently experienced a case of obstructive jaundice as a result of paradoxical reaction of periportal tuberculous lymphadenopathy that was treated successfully with corticosteroid and biliary drainage. No similar cases have been reported previously.

Pancreatic pseudocyst filled with semisolid lipids mimicking solid mass on endoscopic ultrasound.

Pancreatic pseudocysts, which account for 70%-90% of pancreatic cystic lesions, characteristically are non-epithelially lined cystic cavities that are contiguous with the pancreas. Pancreatic pseudocysts can be caused by acute, chronic or traumatic pancreatitis and should be differentiated from other pancreatic diseases with cystic appearances, especially cystic neoplasms. We report a unique case of a pancreatic pseudocyst filled with semisolid lipids, which appeared by endoscopic ultrasound as a solid mass, and was therefore resected.

Esophageal thermal injury by hot adlay tea.

Reversible thermal injury to the esophagus as the result of drinking hot liquids has been reported to generate alternating white and red linear mucosal bands, somewhat reminiscent of a candy cane. This phenomenon is associated with chest pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, and epigastric pain. Here, we report a case of thermal injury to the esophageal and oral cavity due to the drinking of hot tea, including odynophagia and dysphagia.