Xenophilus aerolatus isolate misidentified as Brucella spp. by MALDI-TOF MS (VITEK-MS) system.

We report the characterization of Xenophilus aerolatus strain identified from a screening rectal swab specimen in human, initially misidentified as Brucella spp. by MALDI-TOF MS (VITEK-MS system). The strain is able to growth on Colorex mSuperCARBA plate, suggesting carbapenem resistance.

The bacterial virulence factor NleA undergoes host-mediated O-linked glycosylation.

Enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EHEC and EPEC) are gastrointestinal pathogens responsible for severe diarrheal illness. EHEC and EPEC form "attaching and effacing" lesions during colonization and, upon adherence, inject proteins directly into host intestinal cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Injected bacterial proteins have a variety of functions but generally alter host cell biology to favor survival and/or replication of the pathogen.

One Health Genomic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase‒Producing Salmonella enterica, Canada, 2012‒2016.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, a major class of clinical antimicrobial drugs. We used genomic analysis to investigate whether domestic food animals, retail meat, and pets were reservoirs of ESBL-producing Salmonella for human infection in Canada. Of 30,303 Salmonella isolates tested during 2012-2016, we detected 95 ESBL producers.

Clinical and Genomic Investigation of an International Ceftriaxone- and Azithromycin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Cluster among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Montréal, Canada 2017-2019.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella sonnei have become prevalent among men who have sex with men and have become a global public health concern. From June 2017 to April 2019, 32 men were infected with MDR S. sonnei acquired locally, in Montréal, which was suggestive of an outbreak.

Correlation between Phenotypic and In Silico Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance in in Canada Using Staramr.

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of supports both molecular typing and detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we evaluated the correlation between phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and in silico prediction of AMR from WGS in ( = 1321) isolated from human infections in Canada. Phenotypic AMR results from broth microdilution testing were used as the gold standard.

Analysis of an IncR Plasmid Carrying Linked to an Azithromycin Resistance Region in Enterobacter hormaechei Involved in an Outbreak in Quebec.

In the context of a recent rise in prevalence of NDM-encoding carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in the province of QC, Canada, the genetic environment of was investigated. Three NDM-producing clinical isolates of Enterobacter hormaechei recovered from hospitalized patients involved in a putative outbreak were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Two isolates were confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and WGS to be closely related.

Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing-based subtyping methods for the surveillance of spp. and the confounding effect of mobile genetic elements in long-term outbreaks.

Many public health laboratories across the world have implemented whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the surveillance and outbreak detection of foodborne pathogens. PulseNet-affiliated laboratories have determined that most single-strain foodborne outbreaks are contained within 0–10 multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)-based allele differences and/or core genome single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). In addition to being a food- and travel-associated outbreak pathogen, most spp.

A One-Health Genomic Investigation of Gentamicin Resistance in Salmonella from Human and Chicken Sources in Canada, 2014 to 2017.

We investigated whether the increased prevalence of gentamicin resistance in Salmonella from human infections was related to a similar increased prevalence in isolates from broiler chickens and whether this increase may have been due to coselection from use of lincomycin-spectinomycin in chickens on farms. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on gentamicin-resistant (Gen) Salmonella isolates from human and chicken sources collected from 2014 to 2017 by the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). We determined the genomic relatedness of strains and characterized resistance genes and plasmids.

Occupations at risk of contracting zoonoses of public health significance in Québec.

Introduction: Climate change plays an important role in the geographic spread of zoonotic diseases. Knowing which populations are at risk of contracting these diseases is critical to informing public health policies and practices. In Québec, 14 zoonoses have been identified as important for public health to guide the climate change adaptation efforts of decision-makers and researchers.

Distribution, diversity and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in swine slaughterhouses and their association with food and human listeriosis strains.

Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis, a major foodborne disease and an important public health concern. Contamination of meat with L. monocytogenes occurs frequently at the slaughterhouse.

The Plasmidome as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains worldwide has become a serious problem for public health over recent decades. The increase in antimicrobial resistance has been expanding via plasmids as mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes that are transferred vertically and horizontally. This study focuses on , one of the leading foodborne pathogens in industrialized countries.

Source Tracking Based on Core Genome SNV and CRISPR Typing of Serovar Heidelberg Isolates Involved in Foodborne Outbreaks in Québec, 2012.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is the method of choice for bacterial subtyping and it is rapidly replacing the more traditional methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Here we used the high-resolution core genome single nucleotide variant (cgSNV) typing method to characterize clinical and food from serovar Heidelberg isolates in the context of source attribution. Additionally, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) analysis was included to further support this method.

Similar yet different: phylogenomic analysis to delineate Salmonella and Citrobacter species boundaries.

Background: Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide resulting in considerable public health and economic costs. Testing for the presence of this pathogen in food is often hampered by the presence of background microflora that may present as Salmonella (false positives). False positive isolates belonging to the genus Citrobacter can be difficult to distinguish from Salmonella due to similarities in their genetics, cell surface antigens, and other phenotypes.

International Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in Men Who Have Sex With Men in Washington State and Québec, 2015-2018.

Background: Campylobacter species are among the most common causes of enteric bacterial infections worldwide. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for sexually transmitted enteric infections, including globally distributed strains of multidrug-resistant Shigella species.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of MSM-associated Campylobacter in Seattle, Washington and Montréal, Québec with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles and whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Outbreak of O157:H7 Infections Linked to Mechanically Tenderized Beef and the Largest Beef Recall in Canada, 2012.

Contaminated beef is a known vehicle of O157:H7 infection, although more attention is given to the control of O157:H7 in ground, rather than whole-cut, beef products. In September 2012, an investigation was initiated at an Alberta, Canada, beef plant after the detection of O157:H7 in two samples of trim cut from beef originating from this plant. Later in September 2012, Alberta Health Services identified five laboratory-confirmed infections of O157:H7, and case patients reported eating needle-tenderized beef steaks purchased at a store in Edmonton, Alberta, produced with beef from the Alberta plant.

Genomic Investigation of the Emergence of Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin in Humans and Animals in Canada.

subsp. serovar Dublin is a zoonotic pathogen that often leads to invasive bloodstream infections in humans that are multidrug resistant. Described here are the results of Canadian national surveillance of Dublin from 2003 to 2015 in humans and bovines, principally collected through the Canadian Integrated Program for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS).

Shared genome analyses of notable listeriosis outbreaks, highlighting the critical importance of epidemiological evidence, input datasets and interpretation criteria.

The persuasiveness of genomic evidence has pressured scientific agencies to supplement or replace well-established methodologies to inform public health and food safety decision-making. This study of 52 epidemiologically defined Listeria monocytogenes isolates, collected between 1981 and 2011, including nine outbreaks, was undertaken (1) to characterize their phylogenetic relationship at finished genome-level resolution, (2) to elucidate the underlying genetic diversity within an endemic subtype, CC8, and (3) to re-evaluate the genetic relationship and epidemiology of a CC8-delimited outbreak in Canada in 2008. Genomes representing Canadian Listeria outbreaks between 1981 and 2010 were closed and manually annotated.

Characterization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospitals effluents: first report of a bla-like in Klebsiella oxytoca, Algeria.

The antibiotic susceptibility profile and antimicrobial resistance determinants were characterized on Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from Algerian hospital effluents. Among the 94 isolates, Enterobacteriaceae was the predominant family, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most isolated species. In non-Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas were the predominant species followed by Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Pasteurella, and Shewanella spp.

Genetic Mechanisms behind the Spread of Reduced Susceptibility to Azithromycin in Strains Isolated from Men Who Have Sex with Men in Québec, Canada.

We analyzed 254 species isolates collected in Québec, Canada, during 2013 and 2014. Overall, 23.6% of isolates showed reduced susceptibility to azithromycin (RSA) encoded by (11.

Prophage Sequence Profiles Reflect Genome Diversity and Can Be Used for High Discrimination Subtyping.

Non-typhoidal is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Prompt and accurate identification of the sources of responsible for disease outbreaks is crucial to minimize infections and eliminate ongoing sources of contamination. Current subtyping tools including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing may be inadequate, in some instances, to provide the required discrimination among epidemiologically unrelated strains.

Comparison of advanced whole genome sequence-based methods to distinguish strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg involved in foodborne outbreaks in Québec.

Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is one of the top serovars causing human salmonellosis. This serovar ranks second and third among serovars that cause human infections in Québec and Canada, respectively, and has been associated with severe infections.

Impact of the choice of reference genome on the ability of the core genome SNV methodology to distinguish strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg.

Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is one of the top serovars causing human salmonellosis. The core genome single nucleotide variant pipeline (cgSNV) is one of several whole genome based sequence typing methods used for the laboratory investigation of foodborne pathogens.

Comparison of sequential multiplex PCR, sequetyping and whole genome sequencing for serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major causes of pneumonia, meningitis and other pneumococcal infections in young children and elders. Determination of circulating S. pneumoniae serotypes is an essential service by public health laboratories for the monitoring of putative serotype replacement following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and of the efficacy of the immunization program.