Prevalence of traditional eye medicine and self-treatment in Gurage Zone, Rural Ethiopia.

Introduction: Traditional medicines are commonly used worldwide, especially in Africa-however, there is limited information on the prevalence and types of traditional eye medicine utilization in Ethiopia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence, the type and nature of traditional eye medicine use and practices related to self-medication for ophthalmic diseases in a rural Ethiopian population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six randomly selected primary health centers in rural Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Differences in Childhood Growth Parameters Between Patients With Somatic and Heritable Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Little is known regarding differences in childhood growth between somatic and heritable retinoblastoma (Rb) populations. We aimed to compare childhood growth parameters between somatic and heritable Rb cohorts at birth and at time of diagnosis with Rb.

Methods: A multinational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted with patients from 11 centers in 10 countries who presented with treatment naïve Rb from January to December 2019.

Prevalence and causes of ocular disorders and visual impairment among preterm children in Ethiopia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, causes of ocular disorders and visual impairment among preterm children previously admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods And Analysis: A prospective screening survey was conducted from February to June 2019 at the paediatric eye clinic of Menelik II Hospital. Children who were preterm at birth and who attended the eye clinic were included in the study.

Ophthalmologists' Perspective on Barriers to Cataract Surgery and Surgical Productivity in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia: A Descriptive, Mixed-Methods Survey.

Purpose: While progress was made towards the Vision 2020: The Right to Sight goals, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia fell short of the recommended cataract surgical rate (CSR) on a national level. Post-operative cataract surgical outcomes are also lower compared to other regions. This study aimed to describe perceived barriers to cataract surgical uptake, factors related to surgeon surgical productivity, and surgical offerings in each of these countries.

Child eye health in Ethiopia: a mixed methods analysis of policy and commitment to action.

Background: Child eye health is a serious public health issue in Ethiopia, where children under the age of 15 account for over half of the population. Our aim was to review Ethiopian health policy and practice to reveal approaches and commitment to promotion and delivery of child eye health services.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods situational analysis employing documentary analysis and key informant interview methods.

Exploring the knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards child eye health: A qualitative analysis of parent experience focus groups.

Background: The majority of childhood blindness causes in low-income countries are treatable or avoidable. Parents or guardians are responsible for making decisions regarding a child's eye care. Understanding parents' awareness and perception of eye problems in crucial in helping to know parents' eye care-seeking behavior.

Retinopathy of prematurity among infants admitted to two neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods And Analysis: A prospective screening survey was conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 in two level 3 public NICUs. Infants with a birth weight (BW) of ≤1500 g or gestational age (GA) of ≤32 weeks and those with a BW of >1500 g and GA of >32 weeks with an unstable clinical course were included.

Health Services Needs Assessment for Retinoblastoma in Ethiopia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to document the available resources and needs for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) in Ethiopia.

Methods: A health services needs assessment focused on RB care in Ethiopia was conducted. Information was obtained through a web-based survey and field visits.

Incidence and geographic distribution of retinoblastoma in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy of the eye in children, occurring in early childhood. Based on global estimates, Ethiopia is expected to observe over 200 new retinoblastoma cases per year, however without a cancer registry, this number is difficult to confirm. Therefore, the goal of the study was to determine the incidence and geographic distribution of retinoblastoma in Ethiopia.

Clinicopathological Presentation of Retinoblastoma in Ethiopia.

The presenting symptoms of retinoblastoma in Ethiopia, as well as their relationship to the stage of the disease, are poorly understood, but they could be important as background knowledge for creating early detection initiatives. This study aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of retinoblastoma among Ethiopian patients. A hospital-based cross-sectional analysis of all children with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma during the study period of May 2015 to December 2019, inclusive, who presented to a tertiary referral center during were included.

Referral patterns for retinoblastoma patients in Ethiopia.

Background: Increased lag time between the onset of symptoms and treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) is one of the factors contributing to delay in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to understand the referral patterns and lag times for RB patients who were treated at Menelik II Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method: A single-center, cross- sectional study was conducted in January 2018.

Caring for a child with retinoblastoma: Experience of Ethiopian parents.

Objective: This study explored the lived experience of parents of children with retinoblastoma.

Design And Method: A phenomenological qualitative study design was used, and a purposive sampling technique to recruit parents of children with retinoblastoma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to document the lived experience of participants, who were asked to narrate their experiences caring for a child with retinoblastoma, thinking back to the day they learned about their child's condition, as well as their thoughts about the future.

Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Among Adults and Its Related Ophthalmic Variables in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: A community-based study was conducted to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors of pseudoexfoliation syndrome among adults in Southern Ethiopia.

Patients And Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among subjects aged 40 years or older. Subjects underwent standardized examination, including portable slit-lamp biomicroscopy before and after pupillary dilatation, and intraocular pressure measurement using Tono-Pen.

The role of maternal age & birth order on the development of unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma: a multicentre study.

Background/objectives: Retinoblastoma is a common childhood intraocular malignancy, the bilateral form of which most commonly results from a de novo germline pathogenic variant in the RB1 gene. Both advanced maternal age and decreasing birth order are known to increase the risk of de novo germline pathogenic variants, while the influence of national wealth is understudied. This cohort study aimed to retrospectively observe whether these factors influence the ratio of bilateral retinoblastoma cases compared to unilateral retinoblastoma, thereby inferring an influence on the development of de novo germline pathogenic variants in RB1.

Multiple giant retinal tears due to inflicted injury in a neonate.

Purpose: This case represents the longest follow-up period and youngest patient treated for multiple GRTs in the same eye associated with physical abuse.

Observations: A 4-week-old otherwise healthy male presented with a constellation of unexplained injuries. Examination of the left eye revealed a mild lens opacity and a shallow retinal detachment with two giant retinal tears (GRTs) and no retinal hemorrhages.

Limitations in cataract surgical services for children in Ethiopia: a nationwide survey of pediatric cataract surgeons.

Background: Bilateral cataract is a significant cause of blindness in children in Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify the resources available for cataract surgery in children, and to assess current surgical practices, surgical output and factors affecting the outcome of surgery in Ethiopia.

Methods: A Google Forms mobile phone questionnaire was emailed to nine ophthalmologists known to perform cataract surgery in young children (0-5 years).

The Effects of Breastfeeding on Retinoblastoma Development: Results from an International Multicenter Retinoblastoma Survey.

The protective effects of breastfeeding on various childhood malignancies have been established but an association has not yet been determined for retinoblastoma (RB). We aimed to further investigate the role of breastfeeding in the severity of nonhereditary RB development, assessing relationship to (1) age at diagnosis, (2) ocular prognosis, measured by International Intraocular RB Classification (IIRC) or Intraocular Classification of RB (ICRB) group and success of eye salvage, and (3) extraocular involvement. Analyses were performed on a global dataset subgroup of 344 RB patients whose legal guardian(s) consented to answer a neonatal questionnaire.

Sex, gender, and retinoblastoma: analysis of 4351 patients from 153 countries.

Objective: To investigate in a large global sample of patients with retinoblastoma whether sex predilection exists for this childhood eye cancer.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 4351 treatment-naive retinoblastoma patients from 153 countries who presented to 278 treatment centers across the world in 2017. The sex ratio (male/female) in the sample was compared to the sex ratio at birth by means of a two-sided proportions test at global level, country economic grouping, continent, and for selected countries.

Development of a pediatric ophthalmology academic partnership between Canada and Ethiopia: a situational analysis.

Background: Educational capacity building in pediatric ophthalmology is necessary to address the burden of childhood blindness in Ethiopia. Residency and fellowship training at Addis Ababa University (AAU) have been enhanced with support from the University of Toronto (UofT), following the established Toronto Addis Ababa Academic Collaboration (TAAAC). Our aim was to assess the feasibility of implementing a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship at AAU with support from UofT, modeled by successful postgraduate medical education within TAAAC.

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.

Background: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Diagnostic occlusion test for acquired esotropia.

Objective: To assess the effect of the 45-minute diagnostic occlusion test (DOT) on the measured esodeviation in patients with acquired esotropia.

Methods: After the routine ophthalmic examination, 67 patients with acquired esotropia were randomly assigned to either the patch group (37 subjects) or the control group (30 subjects). For both groups the mean distance and near deviations before and after 45 minutes were compared.

The Prevalence of Trachoma in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: Results of 11 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys Completed as Part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.

Purpose: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of trachoma in each district ("woreda") of Tigray Region, Ethiopia.

Methods: We conducted 11 cross-sectional community-based surveys in evaluation units covering 34 rural woredas from January to March 2013 using the standardized methodology developed for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.

Results: Teams visited 8034 households in 275 villages.