Colonization and decolonization of global health: which way forward?

Despite taking on several forms throughout history such as colonial medicine, tropical medicine, and international health, the field of global health continues to uphold colonialist structures. History demonstrates that acts of colonialism inevitably lead to negative health outcomes. Colonial powers promoted medical advancements when diseases affected their own people, and only did so for locals when in the colonies' best interests.

Transforming Global Health Communications During the COVID-19 Pandemic: International Partner Perspectives.

Background: With the COVID-19 pandemic restricting travel, global health programs are faced with the challenge of bidirectionally supporting students, partners, and communities in new ways. Though other global health programs have-to the best of our knowledge-temporarily frozen, we at the Nuvance Health/University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine Global Health Program have carried forward by transforming our communications through launching a COVID-19 Resources Page with bi-weekly article summaries, redirecting our monthly eMagazine and weekly blog to pandemic themes, and staying in constant communication with our partners around the world.

Objective: To investigate the extent to which our program's published content shifted in sync with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as our international partners' perception of the COVID-19 resource center, eMagazine, and blog in terms of relevance, representation, and utility.

Parametric analysis of landing injury : The effect of landing posture and joint displacement.

During landing, the lower limb joints work concertedly to reduce landing forces. Changing the biomechanics of one joint can alter landing strategies in other joints thus affecting the probability of injury. Therefore, understanding the mutual effects between the joints is crucial for the prevention of lower extremity injuries.

On the impact force analysis of two-leg landing with a flexed knee.

This article looks into the effects of the initial knee flexion angle at the contact time on the peak of the impulsive lower limb forces during landing, and how these effects are related to muscular activities. The impact dynamics of drop landing is studied via a musculoskeletal model with eight Hill-type lower-limb muscles. A method is proposed for the representation of two landing strategies: landing with high and low joint stiffness.

Road safety data collection systems in Iran: A comparison based on relevant organizations.

Purpose: Various organizations and institutions are involved in road traffic injury (RTI) and crash registration such as police, forensic medicine organization, hospitals and emergency medical services. But there is a substantial uncertainty in interpreting the data, duplicated data collection and missing data in relation to RTI in most systems. This study aims to identify data sources for RTI surveillance in Iran and to explore traffic safety data source domains, data elements and detailed information by each data source.

Distributed nonlinear H control algorithm for multi-agent quadrotor formation flying.

A novel distributed formation control algorithm for nonlinear uncertain multi-agent systems is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is developed based on a nonlinear H framework for a team of aerial robots with nonlinear dynamics and bounded parametric uncertainties. The multi-agent control algorithm reduces to local control laws dependent on agents information and their neighbors data.

The Economic and Social Impact of Informal Caregivers at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.

Background: The severe deficit of health care workers in Uganda necessitates hospitalized patients to be cared for by a relative. These informal caregivers constitute a crucial component of patient care. Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda, is one of the nation's national referral hospitals, receiving very sick patients.

Developing medical education capacity in Russia: twenty years of experience.

Background: The partnership between Yale University (USA) and Kazan State Medical University (KSMU, Russia) was established in 1996 and transitioned to Western Connecticut Health Network (WCHN)/University of Vermont Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine (USA) in 2012 with the goal of modernizing medical education at KSMU primarily through introduction of the American medical education structure, role modeling, and educational capacity building.

Access, attitudes and training in information technologies and evidence-based medicine among medical students at University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences.

Background: The Medical Education Partnership Initiative, has helped to mitigate the digital divide in Africa. The aim of the study was to assess the level of access, attitude, and training concerning meaningful use of electronic resources and EBM among medical students at an African medical school.

Methods: The study involved medical students at the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare.

Training Young Russian Physicians in Uganda: A Unique Program for Introducing Global Health Education in Russia.

Background: Global health is a new concept in Russia. There has been an ongoing academic collaboration between the Yale School of Medicine in the United States and Makerere University College of Health Sciences in Uganda since 2010, and the US Western Connecticut Health Network/University of Vermont College of Medicine since 2012, to introduce global health concepts to Kazan State Medical University (KSMU) in Russia. The purpose was to educate Russian physicians and medical trainees about the practice of clinical medicine and medical education, as well as the general practice of global health in culturally diverse, resource-limited settings.

Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Environmental Water Samples Prior to Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detection.

In this study, homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) was developed for preconcentration and extraction of 15 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from water samples coupling with gas chromatography followed by a flame photometric detector (HLLME-GC-FPD). In this method, OPPs were extracted by the homogeneous phase in a ternary solvent system (water/acetic acid/chloroform). The homogeneous solution was excluded by the addition of sodium hydroxide as a phase separator reagent and a cloudy solution was formed.

Adherence to standard of care in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis.

Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a rare but deadly neurological emergency. Accordingly, Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines summarize current evidence into a straightforward algorithm for its management. The goal of this study is to evaluate the overall compliance with these guidelines in patients with suspected ABM.

Emerging pathogen: a case and review of Raoultella planticola.

Raoultella planticola has been considered a relatively harmless Gram-negative bacteria, rarely associated with clinical infection. However, in recent years, the frequency at which severe infection by R. planticola and drug-resistant strains are reported in literature has increased.

A depiction of imported malaria in Connecticut.

In 2010, there were roughly 219 million cases of malaria reported worldwide resulting in an estimated 660,600 deaths [1]. In contrast, the total number of cases according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States (USA) was only 1691 [2]. Of those, 1688 were cases of imported malaria [2].

Determination of the influence of walking with orthosis on bone osteoporosis in paraplegic subjects based on the loads transmitted through the body.

Background: Spinal cord injury is a damage to spinal cord that results in loss of function and mobility below the level of injury. The patients use various orthoses to improve their general health, to decrease bone osteoporosis, and to improve bone mineral density. It was controversial if how much percentage of the loads applied on an orthosis and body complex is transmitted by orthosis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new respiratory illness due to a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV. Cases of SARS were first identified from Guangdong Province in southern China in November 2002. Over the next several months, international travel allowed for the rapid spread of >8,000 cases over three continents.

Cardiac manifestations of HIV.

Cardiac disease in the setting of HIV/AIDS has only recently been appreciated. The pathogenesis is multifactorial including direct toxic effects, viruses, autoimmunity, nutritional deficiencies and drugs. The clinical manifestations include pericardial, myocardial and valvular heart disease.

Implementation of a cross-cultural evidence-based medicine curriculum.

While principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM) are increasingly prevalent in medical education curricula in Europe and North America, medical educators elsewhere face formidable barriers to its implementation. We sought to determine the feasibility of implementing a learner-centered, case-based EBM curriculum among academic physicians in Kazan, Russia, facilitated by residents participating in an international health elective. This article reports that implementation of an EBM curriculum is feasible during a resident international health elective and that mutually beneficial educational exchanges represent an opportunity for teaching the tenets of EBM abroad.

The treatment of recalcitrant post-traumatic nightmares with autogenic training and autogenic abreaction: a case study.

Recurrent and frightening dreams are commonly experienced by patients who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder after a motor vehicle accident. Such nocturnal episodes, if left untreated, can result in the experience of severe distress with physical, emotional, and psychophysiological concomitant. The present single-case study investigated the effects of the standard autogenic exercises and autogenic abreaction in reducing the frequency and severity of post-traumatic nightmares in a survivor of a car crash.

Sudden cardiac death due to primary coronary sinus thrombosis.

Coronary sinus thrombosis has been reported only as a complication of cardiac transplantation and right heart catheterization in noninfected patients. We report a case of acute coronary sinus thrombosis occurring in the absence of these procedures and resulting in sudden cardiac death.

The treatment of persistent night terrors with autogenic training: a case study.

This is a case study of a 16-year-old male with a long history of persistent and severe night terrors. After a comprehensive medical and psychological evaluation, the patient was trained in standard autogenic training exercises and an organ-specific formula. By the end of the eight-week treatment, the nocturnal episodes ceased.

Case reports: pericarditis and lymphadenitis due to Rhodococcus equi.

Most patients with Rhodococcus equi infection are immunocompromised by either HIV infection, malignancy, or medication. Diagnosis is frequently missed or delayed because the organisms, resembling diphtheroids on smears, may be regarded as contaminants. Their clinical, pathologic, histochemical, and microbiologic resemblance to mycobacteria can result in misdiagnosis.

Candida epiglottitis in an adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with oral fluconazole.

Candida epiglottitis has been reported in immunocompromised patients, but in only one paediatric patient with human immunodeficiency virus. We present possibly the first reported case of Candida infection of the epiglottis in an adult with human immunodeficiency virus treated with oral fluconazole. We review the symptoms, diagnosis, and management of the published cases of Candida epiglottitis in patients without the human immunodeficiency virus.