Pattern of cytopenias and systemic immune-inflammation index among hospitalised patients of COVID-19.

Objective: To compare the extent of cytopenias and systemic immune inflammation index of hospitalised coronavirus disease-2019 patients during the first and second/third waves of the pandemic.

Methods: The retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2021 at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data of hospitalised coronavirus disease-2019 patients regardless of age and gender from May 2020 to June 2021. Data was segregated into first wave that lasted from May to July 2020, second wave that lasted from early November to mid-December 2020, and third wave that ranged from mid-March to June 2021.

Role of hematological parameters in the stratification of COVID-19 disease severity.

Objective: COVID-19 virus involves respiratory as well as other body systems including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, immunological and hematopoietic system. Patient of covid-19 pneumonia presents with wide range of hemostatic abnormalities. These hemostatic abnormalities in COVID-19 are related with disease progression, severity and mortality.