Apical periodontitis microbiome association with salivary and serum inflammatory burden.

Aims: Apical Periodontitis (AP) involves complex interactions between the root canal microbiome and the host immune response, with potential risk of local and systemic inflammatory burden, however there is no evidence available regarding correlation between microbiome and inflammatory marker levels. This study aims to identify the microbiome of saliva, intracanal and blood samples in AP subjects and investigate the correlation between intracanal and blood microbiomes with serum inflammatory biomarker levels, and salivary microbiomes with salivary inflammatory biomarker levels.

Methodology: Saliva, Intracanal and blood samples were collected from AP patients undergoing root canal retreatment.

Successful endodontic treatment reduces serum levels of cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers-high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and matrix metalloprotease-2.

Aim: To investigate serum biomarkers of inflammation 2 years following non-surgical root canal re-treatment (Re-RCT) and peri-apical surgery (PS). The results were correlated with signs and symptoms, treatment outcome, metabolic syndrome factors, infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection and COVID-19 vaccination.

Methodology: Subjects from our previous study were recalled for 2 years post-treatment follow-up.

Genomic Diversity among Strains and Closely Related Species.

The aim of this study was to investigate and clarify the ambiguous taxonomy of and its closely related species using state-of-the-art high-throughput sequencing techniques, and, furthermore, to determine whether sub-clusters identified within and in a previous study by multi locus sequence typing (MLST) using concatenation of seven housekeeping genes should either be classified as subspecies or distinct species. The strains in this study were broadly classified under group as genospecies I and genospecies II. Based on MLST data analysis, these were further classified as and .

Prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with autoimmune diseases: A case-control study.

Aim: The purpose of this case-control study was to compare the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in patients affected by autoimmune disorders (AD) (inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and psoriasis [Ps]) with the prevalence of AP in subjects without AD. The prevalences of AP in patients taking biologic medications, conventional medications and no medication were also compared.

Methodology: Eighty-nine patients (2145 teeth) with AD were investigated and the control group included 89 patients (2329 teeth) with no systemic diseases.

Smoking by altering the peri-implant microbial community structure compromises the responsiveness to treatment.

Smoking is an essential risk factor for peri-implant diseases. It also hampers the clinical outcomes of peri-implant therapies. Nonetheless, the effect of smoking can go undetected until the emergence of clinical signs.

Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review.

The 'Focal Infection Era in Dentistry' in the late 19th and early 20th century resulted in widespread implementation of tooth extraction and limited the progress of endodontics. The theory proposed that bacteria and toxins entrapped in dentinal tubules could disseminate systemically to remote body parts, resulting in many types of degenerative systemic diseases. This theory was eventually refuted due to anecdotal evidence.

The impact of apical periodontitis, non-surgical root canal retreatment and periapical surgery on serum inflammatory biomarkers.

Aim: The aim of the study was to measure serum levels of molecular markers of inflammation in patients undergoing non-surgical root canal retreatment (Re-RCT) and periapical surgery (PS) for the treatment of apical periodontitis and to establish if such levels are influenced by the size of apical radiolucencies at baseline and by the treatment outcome.

Methodology: A total of 115 participants were recruited (n = 50 Controls, n = 35 Re-RCT, n = 30 PS). Preoperative periapical radiographs and cone beam CT (CBCT) scans of teeth were taken.

Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate Sealers against a Nutrient-Stressed Multispecies Biofilm.

Purpose: This study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate sealers (BioRoot RCS and Total Fill BC) and conventional sealers (AH Plus and Tubli-seal) against planktonic bacteria and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm.

Methods: Antimicrobial properties of freshly mixed sealers were investigated using the direct contact test (DCT) and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm comprised of five endodontic strains. Antimicrobial activity was determined using quantitative viable counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis with live/dead staining.

Isolation of Propionibacterium acnes among the microbiota of primary endodontic infections with and without intraoral communication.

Objectives: The presence of opportunistic pathogens such as Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) may contribute to the endodontic pathology. The presence of P.

Glove Contamination during Endodontic Treatment Is One of the Sources of Nosocomial Endodontic Propionibacterium acnes Infections.

Introduction: The opportunistic Propionibacterium acnes recovered frequently from failed endodontic treatments might be the result of nosocomial endodontic infections. The study was aimed to determine if gloves worn by dentists could be one of the sources of these nosocomial infections and to investigate the P. acnes phylotypes involved.

Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic lesions are opportunistic pathogens.

The predominant cultivable microbiota from 20 refractory endodontic lesions (9 with abscesses and 11 without abscesses) were determined, and Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were among the most predominant organisms. The number of species identified from lesions with abscesses (14.1 ± 2.