Hydro-chemical characteristics of Biring and Tangting Rivers (Nepal) and evaluation of water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Although river water is vital for drinking, irrigation and domestic needs, it faces threats from natural processes and human activities. Small and medium-sized rivers, especially in Nepal, remain understudied despite their vital importance in providing water to densely populated areas. This study evaluated the suitability for drinking and irrigation and the hydro-chemical characteristics of the Biring and Tangting rivers in Koshi province, Nepal.

Water quality, criticality, and sustainability of mountain springs-a case study from the Nepal Himalaya.

In the hilly terrain of Nepal, springs are the main source of drinking water. With the increasing population, rapid urbanization, and unabated climate change, springs are under the risk of survival. There is increasing evidence that springs in the mid-hills of Nepal are drying up, or are reducing in discharge, or are deteriorating by water quality.

Climate change and river health of the Marshyangdi Watershed, Nepal: An assessment using integrated approach.

Climate change alters the river flow regimes causing significant changes in the structure and function of an aquatic ecosystem, ultimately affecting river health. This study applied a customized framework consisting of 1-index, 4-components, 6-indicators, and 43-metrics, to assess river health for two seasons and future periods, in the Marshyangdi Watershed, Nepal. Hydrological, water quality, biological and physical conditions were assessed using simulated results from a hydrological model, physiochemical analysis of water samples, macroinvertebrates assemblages analysis, and physical habitat condition assessment, respectively.