Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes.

Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health, and dysfunction in this context diminishes vasorelaxation concomitant with endothelial activity. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, prostacyclin-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, and the opening of potassium channels, coupled with the reduction of calcium levels in the cell, constitute critical mechanisms governing vasorelaxation. Cardiovascular disease stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes, with adults afflicted by diabetes exhibiting a heightened cardiovascular risk compared to their non-diabetic counterparts.

Irisin relaxes rat thoracic aorta through inhibiting signaling pathways implicating protein kinase C.

Background: Irisin, a newly identified exercise-derived myokine, has been found involved in a peripheral vasodilator effect. However, little is known regarding the potential vascular activity of irisin, and the mechanisms underlying its effects on vascular smooth muscle have not been fully elucidated. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of irisin on vascular smooth muscle contractility in rat thoracic aorta, and the hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) may have a role in these effects.

Rosa damascena Miller essential oil relaxes rat trachea via K<sub>V</sub> channels, K<sub>ATP</sub> channels, and BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels.

Aim/objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Rosa damascena Miller essential oil on rat tracheal smooth muscle contractility and the hypothesis that voltage-gated potassium (K<sub>V</sub>) channels, ATP-sensitive potassium (K<sub>ATP</sub>) channels, and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK<sub>Ca</sub>) channels may have roles in these effects.

Methods: Isometric contraction-relaxation responses of tracheal rings were measured with an isolated tissue bath model. The steady contraction was induced with both 10<sup>-5</sup> M ACh and 60 mM KCl, and then the concentration-dependent responses of rose oil (0.

Irisin Relaxes Rat Trachea via K Channels, K Channels, and BK Channels.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of irisin on rat tracheal smooth muscle contraction-relaxation responses and the roles of voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in these effects.

Methods: Isometric contraction and relaxation responses of tracheal segments were measured using the tissue bath method. Submaximal contractions were induced by ACh (10 M) or KCl (60 mM), and then concentration-response curves of irisin (10 to 10 M) were obtained.

Rosa damascena Miller essential oil relaxes rat thoracic aorta through the NO-cGMP-dependent pathway.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil on the vascular activity of rat thoracic aorta and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Experiments were performed using the isolated tissue bath model and Wistar rats.

Geraniol and β-citronellol participate in the vasorelaxant effects of Rosa damascena Miller essential oil on the rat thoracic aorta.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the vasoactive effects of Rosa damascena Miller essential oil and its major components, geraniol and β-citronellol, on the rat thoracic aorta.

Methods: Isolated tissue bath model and Wistar rats were used to perform the experiments. Two-fold increasing concentrations (20-160 μg/mL) of rose oil were administered to determine its vasoactive effects.

Potassium Channels Contributes to Apelin-induced Vasodilation in Rat Thoracic Aorta.

Background: Apelin is a newly discovered peptide hormone and originally discovered endogenous apelin receptor ligand.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible roles of potassium channel subtypes in the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of apelin.

Methods: The vascular rings obtained from the thoracic aortas of the male Wistar Albino rats were placed into the isolated tissue bath system.

Vascular Functional Effect Mechanisms of Elabela in Rat Thoracic Aorta.

Background: Elabela is a recently discovered peptide hormone. The present study aims to investigate the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of elabela in the rat thoracic aorta.

Methods: The vascular rings obtained from the thoracic aortas of the male Wistar albino rats were placed in the isolated tissue bath system.

Irisin relaxes rat thoracic aorta: MEK1/2 signaling pathway, K channels, SK channels, and BK channels are involved in irisin-induced vasodilation.

This study investigated the effects of irisin on vascular smooth muscle contractility in rat thoracic aorta, and the hypothesis that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) signaling pathway, voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels, and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels may have roles in these effects. Isometric contraction-relaxation responses of isolated thoracic aorta rings were measured with an organ bath model. The steady contraction was induced with 10 M phenylephrine (PHE), and then the concentration-dependent responses of irisin (10-10 M) were examined in endothelium-intact and -denuded rat thoracic aortas.

Physiological role of K channels in irisin-induced vasodilation in rat thoracic aorta.

Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, has been shown to have a peripheral vasodilator effect. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying its effects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the vasoactive effects of irisin on rat thoracic aorta, and the hypothesis that voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, ATP-sensitive potassium (K) channels, small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels, intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (IK) channels, inward rectifier potassium (K) channels, and two-pore domain potassium (K) channels may have roles in these effects.

Medical Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Rose Oil on Some Standard Bacteria Strains and Clinical Isolates.

Introduction: Considerable interest has developed concerning the alternative utilization of aromatic plants rich in essential oils as antibacterial agents in the medical arena. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity for solutions of different concentrations of rose oil on test microorganisms known to potentially have an adverse affect on human health and the environment.

Methods: Research was carried out by the microdilution method.

[Pyr1]apelin-13 relaxes the rat thoracic aorta via APJ, NO, AMPK, and potassium channels.

In this study, the effect and effect mechanisms of [Pyr1]apelin-13, the dominant apelin isoform in the human cardiovascular tissues and human plasma, on vascular contractility were investigated. The vascular rings obtained from the thoracic aortas of the male Wistar Albino rats were placed in the isolated tissue bath system. After the equilibration period, [Pyr1]apelin-13 (10-9 to 10-6 M) was applied cumulatively to the aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine in the plateau phase.

Morning blood pressure surge in early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and its relation with left ventricular hypertrophy.

Introduction: The activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which usually leads to a swift surge in blood pressure in the morning hours (MBPS) may be the cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. We studied the association between MBPS and LVH in ADPKD patients with preserved renal functions.

Methods: Patients with ADPKD with preserved renal functions were enrolled.