Morbidity and Mortality of Drowning Children in Jerusalem District - Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Drowning persists as a preventable pediatric cause of severe morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the risk factors, circumstances, and medical consequences associated with pediatric drowning incidents in order to identify patterns that can inform targeted interventions.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of pediatric drowning cases.

Late-onset myopathy responsive to immunomodulatory treatment: sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy without nemaline rods?

Background: Late-onset sporadic nemaline myopathy (SLONM) is a rare, treatable or potentially life-threatening muscle disorder that typically manifests late in life and is characterised by the presence of nemaline rods within muscle fibres, serving as the hallmark of the disease and the key to diagnosis.

Methods: We report a case of an elderly patient with subacute onset of severe weakness affecting the upper and lower limbs, neck extensors and abdominal muscles. A comprehensive laboratory workup was performed.

Assessment of the circulating levels of immune system checkpoint selected biomarkers in patients with lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is recognized as one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally, with a significant increase in incidence and intricate pathogenic mechanisms. This study examines the expression profiles of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), PD-1 ligand (PDL-1), β-catenin, CD44, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), as well as their correlations with the clinic-pathological features and diagnostic significance in lung cancer patients.

Methods And Results: The research involved lung cancer patients exhibiting various pathological characteristics, alongside demographically matched healthy controls.

Transcallosal Retroforniceal Transchoroidal Approach: To the Posterior Third Ventricle and Beyond.

Background: The transcallosal retroforniceal transchoroidal approach represents an advanced neurosurgical technique that allows access to lesions located within the posterior third ventricle and mesencephalon. It relies on a comprehensive understanding of microsurgical anatomy and embryology, integrating modern neurosurgical operative techniques to minimize retraction and injury to the normal neuronal structures.

Methods: We report the cases of 2 patients undergoing treatment via this approach, one presenting with a thalamic cavernoma and the other with cystic low-grade glioma of the midbrain.

In-hospital outcomes following surgery versus conservative therapy in elderly patients with C2 fractures: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Objective: Second cervical vertebrae (C2) fractures are a common traumatic spinal injury in the elderly population. Surgical fusion and nonoperative bracing are two primary treatments for cervical instability, but the former is often withheld in the elderly due to concerns for poor postoperative outcomes arising from patient frailty. This study sought to evaluate the in-hospital differences in mortality, outcomes, and discharge disposition in elderly patients with C2 fractures undergoing surgical intervention compared with conservative therapy.

Nitrous Oxide-induced Myeloneuropathy Due to Recreational Abuse.

Background: The recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) has increased in recent years with a noticeable surge in the incidence of nitrous oxide-related myeloneuropathy.

Objectives: To raise awareness of increasing myeloneuropathy due to recreational nitrous oxide misuse in Israel.

Methods: We conducted a case series documenting the clinical and investigative features of eight patients presenting with nitrous oxide-induced myeloneuropathy who were admitted to our departments.

Occipital artery to vertebral artery bypass for treatment of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion with QMRA as an adjunct to diagnostic assessment.

Purpose: Stroke, the second leading cause of death globally, often involves ischemia in the vertebrobasilar territory. This condition is underexplored, despite significant morbidity and mortality risks. The purpose of this study is to present a case of occipital artery to V3 segment vertebral artery bypass, emphasizing the role of quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (qMRA) in assessing flow and guiding surgical intervention.

Effects of chloramphenicol, povidone-iodine 1% and 5% eye drops on the colonisation of conjunctival flora in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Objectives: the aim was to compare 2 drops of either 5% chloramphenicol, 1% povidone-iodine or 5% povidone-iodine before cataract surgery on reducing the colonisation of bacterial flora in the conjunctiva.

Design: This was a double-blind, randomised clinical trial study.

Setting: Patients referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, for cataract surgery were studied.

Characterization of T-/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms associated with systemic, chronic, active Epstein-Barr virus in adults: A report of 5 cases in a Western population.

Objectives: Because of its low frequency in adult populations and clinical and laboratory overlap with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other T-cell lymphomas, T-cell/natural killer (NK) cell systemic, chronic, active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (T/NK sCAEBV) infection remains underdiagnosed, preventing critical, prompt therapeutic interventions.

Methods: We report a 5-case series that included 2 adult patients with T/NK sCAEBV and 3 additional adult patients with T/NK lymphomas with concomitant systemic EBV infection to review these entities' overlapping diagnostic and clinical features.

Results: Approximately 95% of the world population has been infected with EBV during their lifetime, and infection is usually asymptomatic, with symptomatic cases eventually resolving spontaneously.

Surgical Outcomes in Octogenarians with Central Cord Syndrome: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis.

Objective: Central cord syndrome (CCS) is a traumatic cervical spine injury that is treated with surgical decompression. In octogenarians (80-89), surgeons often opt for conservative management instead due to fears of postoperative complications and prolonged recovery times. This study aims to assess the in-hospital complications and outcomes in octogenarians undergoing surgery compared to those undergoing nonsurgical management for CCS.

Riboflavin-responsive lipid-storage myopathy in elderly patients.

There are scarce reports of riboflavin-responsive lipid storage myopathy in elderly patients with onset in their sixties. We describe three elderly patients with riboflavin-responsive lipid-storage myopathy. All three patients (aged 67-71 years on first examination) had subacute onset of neck extensors and proximal limb weakness progressing to inability to rise from a sitting position or to walk.

Racial disparities in incidence, treatment, and survival in adult brain metastases: a 10-year national database analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess demographic and racial disparities in incidence, treatment, and survival of adults with metastatic malignancy to the brain.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database, the authors identified adults with nonprimary brain metastases between 2010 and 2019. Incidence was calculated for all 10 years while data from 2010 to 2014 were used for survival analysis.

Effect of perioperative anticoagulant prophylaxis in patients with traumatic subdural hematoma and a history of anticoagulant use: a propensity-matched National Trauma Data Bank analysis.

Objective: The use of anticoagulation to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is controversial in the setting of neurosurgical decompression for traumatic subdural hematoma (SDH). In these patients, there is concern that anticoagulation may cause secondary hemorrhage, increasing the risk of death and other complications. Patients with a history of anticoagulant use are at further risk of VTE, but the effect of VTE prophylaxis (VTEP) following neurosurgery for SDH has not been thoroughly investigated in this population.

Characteristics of work-related spine injury in the USA: a National Trauma Data Bank analysis.

Purpose: Workplace injury is a commonplace occurrence in the USA. Spine injuries are especially devastating as they can cause chronic pain and limit mobility which prevents patients from returning to work. Gaining a better understanding of the patients, mechanisms, and treatments associated with these injuries can aid in improving outcomes.

Gut Microbiota and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Numerous studies in humans and animals hypothesize that gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of behavioral and neurological diseases such as depression, autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Some of the most salient works so far regarding the brain-gut axis are mentioned below. The current knowledge on the impact of gut microbiota on nervous system diseases is far from being directly used for pharmacologic or nutritional advice toward restoration of normal bodily functions.

Transmandibular Cervical Corpectomy for Persistent Spinal Cord Compression in a Patient With Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Technical Note and Systematic Review.

Background: Few studies have described a transmandibular approach for decompression in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) for cervical myelopathy.

Objective: To describe the transmandibular approach in a KFS patient with cervical myelopathy and to perform a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Methods: A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Determination of pilus-islands profile and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated from urine of pregnant women.

Background And Objectives: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most important causes of neonatal diseases and postpartum fever. GBS infection can be transmitted from the infected mother to her baby during delivery. This bacterium is also involved in causing urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis.

Ser77Tyr transthyretin amyloidosis in Israel: Initial manifestations and diagnostic features.

Objective: Amyloidosis due to the transthyretin Ser77Tyr mutation (ATTRS77Y) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder, characterized by carpal-tunnel syndrome, poly- and autonomic-neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. However, related symptoms and signs are often nonspecific and confirmatory tests are required. We describe the age and frequency of early symptoms and diagnostic features among individuals of Jewish Yemenite descent in Israel.

A Comprehensive Review of Neuropsychologic Studies Supports the Concept That Adequate Folinic Acid Rescue Prevents Post Methotrexate Neurotoxicity.

Purpose: To review all studies providing evidence of the correlation between folinic acid (FA) rescue inadequacy and long-term cognitive damage in neuropsychological studies of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or osteogenic sarcoma treated under protocols using high-dose methotrexate and FA rescue.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed of all databases of the Web of Science Citation Index, during 1990-2020, for the terms: neuropsychological, neurocognitive, and cognitive, together with acute lymphoblastic (and lymphocytic) leukemia and osteogenic sarcoma. English-language peer-reviewed articles on neuropsychological assessments of children who had been treated with high-dose methotrexate without irradiation, and which included details of methotrexate and FA schedules, were selected.

Acute Subdural Hematoma Associated with Aneurysmal Rupture: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

Background: Ruptured cerebral aneurysms represent a neurosurgical emergency with characteristic clinical presentation and imaging findings. However, atypical presentations may occur in association with acute subdural hematomas (SDHs).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted at our institution between 2013 and 2021 to identify patients with aneurysmal rupture presenting with SDH.

Clinical and radiographic benefits of skipping C7 instrumentation in posterior cervicothoracic fusion: a retrospective analysis.

Background: C7 instrumentation during posterior cervicothoracic fusion can be challenging because it requires additional work of either placing side connectors to a single rod or placing two rods. Our clinical observations suggested that skipping instrumentation at C7 in a multi-level posterior cervicothoracic fusion will result in minimal intraoperative complications and decreased blood-loss while still maintaining sagittal balance parameters of cervical fusion. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of skipping C7 instrumentation compared to instrumenting the C7 vertebra in posterior cervicothoracic fusion.

Severe High Cervical Cord Compression Due to Large Bilateral Neurofibromas in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Spinal neurofibromas are rare benign lesions associated with neurofibromatosis Type 1. They can often cause compression on nerve roots and the spinal cord. In this rare case, there are bilateral large neurofibromas with severe cord compression presenting as progressive myelopathy.

Is health-related quality of life 1-year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery associated with living in a greener environment?

Introduction: Greenery in the residential environment and in the hospital has been associated with improved surgical outcomes and recovery. We investigated the association between the level of residential greenness of patients with coronary disease and their heart disease-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) 1-year after a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

Methods: Participants in a prospective cohort study who underwent CABG surgery at seven cardiothoracic units throughout Israel during the years 2004-2007 filled in the MacNew HRQoL one day before and one year after surgery.