Advances in DTI studies for diagnoses and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This review summarizes the current state of neuroimaging research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which allows for the examination of white matter abnormalities in the brain. DTI studies on individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) consistently demonstrate widespread reductions in white matter integrity in various regions of the brain, including the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex, which are involved in emotion regulation, decision-making, and cognitive control. However, the reviewed studies often have small sample sizes, and findings vary between studies, highlighting the need for larger and more standardized studies.

An innovative sit-standing seat in urban buses: A new design to prevent falls and non-collision injuries.

Background: Due to the rapid growth of metropolises and the insufficiency of public transportation, nowadays, many people travel on these vehicles in a standing position. This position leads to discomfort and the risk of falling or non-collision incidents for the passengers.

Objective: The present study was conducted to analyze an innovative sit-standing seat to prevent falls and non-collision injuries in standing passengers.

Metabolite Alternations in the Dopamine Circuit Associated with Methamphetamine-Related Psychotic Symptoms: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Chronic METH use results in neurodegenerative alternations in the human brain. The present study aimed to assess the long-term METH impact on brain metabolite concentrations in cases meeting the DSM-5 criteria regarding METH use. We recruited 42 METH users meeting the DSM-5 criteria and 21 healthy controls.

White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group.

Background: Nicotine and illicit stimulants are very addictive substances. Although associations between grey matter and dependence on stimulants have been frequently reported, white matter correlates have received less attention.

Methods: Eleven international sites ascribed to the ENIGMA-Addiction consortium contributed data from individuals with dependence on cocaine (n = 147), methamphetamine (n = 132) and nicotine (n = 189), as well as non-dependent controls (n = 333).

A digital viscoelastic liver phantom for investigation of elastographic measurements.

To develop elastography imaging technologies and implement image reconstruction algorithms, testing is done with phantoms. Although the validation step is usually taken using real data and physical phantoms, their geometry as well as composition, biomechanical parameters, and details of applying stress cannot be modified readily. Such considerations have gained increasing importance with the growth of elastography techniques as one of the non-invasive medical imaging modalities, which can map the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissues.

Evaluation of contrast agent dose and diffusion coefficient measurement on vessel size index estimation.

Objectives: The goal of this study is to examine the effect of contrast agent (CA) dose and diffusion coefficient on the estimation of vessel size index (VSI).

Materials And Methods: Three groups of four participants were enrolled in this study and two different experiments were performed. Different dose of CA, namely 0.