Chiral Phosphotungstate Functionalized with ()-1-Phenylethylamine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Asymmetric Epoxidation of Styrene.

In the present work, an attempt has been made to induce chirality in copper-substituted phosphotungstate (PWCu) by functionalization with ()-(+)-1-phenylethylamine (-PEA) via a ligand substitution approach. The formation of a N→Cu dative bond was confirmed by C NMR, while H NMR, circular dichroism spectroscopy and optical rotation studies confirmed the introduction of chirality to the Keggin structure. The synthesized material was used as the heterogeneous catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of styrene using various green oxidants to obtain high enantiomeric excess (ee), and the reaction with molecular oxygen was found to give the best ee.

Flexible oxidation of styrene using TBHP over zirconia supported mono-copper substituted phosphotungstate.

A heterogeneous catalyst comprising mono-copper substituted phosphotungstate and hydrous zirconia was synthesized using wet impregnation method, characterized by various physico-chemical techniques and evaluated for solvent-free oxidation of styrene using TBHP as oxidant. Various reaction parameters like time, catalyst amount, amount of TBHP and temperature were optimized with focus on optimum selectivity of styrene-oxide. Further, the catalytic activity was compared with that of unfunctionalized PWCu to understand the role of the support.

Reasons for Not Treating Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis with Prescription Medications: Physicians' and Patients' Perspectives.

Background: In the United States, between one-third and two thirds of postmenopausal women do not begin treatment with a prescription osteoporosis medication after a diagnosis of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to understand the reasons for this lack of treatment.

Materials And Methods: Online physician and patient surveys were administered in 2013.

Patient characteristics and treatment patterns for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction or co-occurring benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction in general practices in the UK: a retrospective observational study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess patient characteristics, medication treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization among men with existing erectile dysfunction (ED) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), who are newly diagnosed with the second condition (BPH or ED) compared with those with only one condition.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Males, aged 40 years or older, newly diagnosed with ED or symptomatic BPH between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2011, were selected.

The impact of a patient support program for multiple sclerosis on patient satisfaction and subjective health status.

Background: Leading multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies have patient support programs (PSPs) aimed at improving patients' lives. There is limited knowledge about what drives patient satisfaction with PSPs and little evidence about its impact on patient-reported health status or health-related quality of life.

Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate patient needs and the PSP's role in meeting those needs; understand the drivers of PSP satisfaction and loyalty; and assess whether a MS PSP provides quantifiable, incremental benefit to patients, as measured by patient-reported health status, health state utility, and/or health-related quality of life.

Volkman's Contracture, Persistent Limb Ischaemia, and Amputation: A Complication of Brachial Artery Catheterisation for Haemodynamic Monitoring Using PiCCO.

We report a case of a 64-year-old woman who was admitted to intensive care unit with multiorgan failure secondary to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Haemodynamic monitoring using the transpulmonary thermodilution with pulse contour analysis system (PiCCO) was achieved via the left brachial artery. Two days later, a flexion deformity of the left hand was noted, and examination revealed left lower arm ischaemia.

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression in human prostate carcinomas.

The prostate gland is the most common site of cancer in men in the United States. The biologic behavior of an individual tumor, however, varies widely, with some cancers taking a relatively indolent course and other progressing rapidly to disseminated disease. Prognostic factors that might help predict a tumor's aggressiveness and invasiveness are limited.

A pilot study of the physician acceptance of tele-oncology.

During the winter of 1993, medical oncologists from an urban, university-based hospital provided oncology care to rural patients using interactive video clinics (tele-oncology). In order to assess physician satisfaction with this form of outreach, surveys were performed after the video encounters, as well as after a limited number of subsequent clinical encounters on site. Various aspects of satisfaction were evaluated.

Case report: congenital adrenal hyperplasia and malignant Leydig cell tumor.

Leydig cell tumors are very rarely seen testicular tumors and can be difficult to distinguish from testicular tumors of the adrenogenital syndrome. Testicular tumors of the adrenogenital syndrome are confined to patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The authors report a case of a patient with malignant Leydig cell tumor and a history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome).

Case report: cholangiocarcinoma and hypercalcemia.

Hypercalcemia is a relatively common problem seen in the presence of malignancy, and is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder in patients with cancer. In the hospitalized patient, malignancy is the most common cause of hypercalcemia. It is estimated that hypercalcemia occurs in 10% to 20% of patients with cancer.

Overexpression of Her-2/neu may be an indicator of poor prognosis in prostate cancer.

Previous reports have shown that Her-2/neu oncogene expression in human breast cancer and ovarian cancer may be associated with poorer prognosis. We report the expression of Her-2/neu on fresh samples of known prostatic adenocarcinoma but not on those of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Using a monoclonal antibody (TA1) directed against human Her-2/neu oncogene product and an immunohistochemical staining method, no Her-2/neu expression was noted with benign prostatic hypertrophy (15 samples).

p53 expression in incidental prostatic cancer.

Incidental prostate cancer is an indolent disease typically characterized by a benign clinical course. This is not clearly established, however, as recent reports suggest that up to 27% of cases progress with long-term follow-up. The indolent history of this disease led initially to the hypothesis that mutations of the p53 gene would be an infrequent event in this patient population.

Mutant p53 expression in prostate carcinoma.

The expression of the mutant p53 tumor suppressor gene was evaluated in 33 human prostate carcinomas. Using an immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibodies PAb 1801 and PAb 240, 26 (79%) tumors demonstrated positive immunostaining for mutant p53. Only areas of glandular tumor were positive, with adjacent stromal elements and areas of glandular hyperplasia being negative.

Reversal of multidrug resistance in HL-60 cells by verapamil and liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin.

The means of circumventing multidrug resistance was investigated in HL-60 and HL-60R (a drug resistance variant) cell lines. The HL-60R cell line was developed from the parent line by serial exposure to increasing concentrations of doxorubicin over a 4-month period. This drug resistant cell line expressed P-glycoprotein in its cell surface and is 80-fold more resistant than the parent cell line.

Biochemical signal transmitted by Fc gamma receptors: phospholipase A2 activity of Fc gamma 2b receptor of murine macrophage cell line P388D1.

The detergent lysate of the P388D1 macrophage cell line was subjected to affinity chromatography on two different media, Sepharose coupled to heat-aggregated human IgG (IgG-Sepharose) and Sepharose coupled to the phosphatidylcholine analog rac-1-(9-carboxyl)nonyl-2-hexadecylglycero-3-phosphocholine (PC-Sepharose). Both IgG- and phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins were further purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 M urea. The isolated IgG-binding proteins specifically bound to IgG2a, but not to IgG2b, whereas the isolated phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins specifically bound to IgG2b but not to IgG2a.

Studies of Fc gamma receptors of human B lymphocytes: phospholipase A2 activity of Fc gamma receptors.

The presence of phospholipase A2 activity within human B cell Fc gamma receptors was investigated. Lysate produced by detergent treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells that had 1% of the cells surface radioiodinated was subjected to affinity chromatography by using either rac-1-(9-carboxynonyl)-2-hexadecylglycero-3-phosphorylcholine-Sepharose (PC-Sepharose) or heat-aggregated human IgG-Sepharose 4B conjugate (IgG-Sepharose). The materials eluted from both adsorbants by ethylenediaminetetraacetate- or urea-containing buffer were further purified by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 M urea.