Initial experience of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of advanced haemorrhoidal disease.

Introduction: The ideal approach to the management of haemorrhoidal disease (HD) remains to be elucidated. A procedure that returns the anal cushions to their normal size without destroying them or damaging the surrounding tissues is sought. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) overcomes many of the disadvantages of the previously described repairs and may be a valuable alternative in the management of advanced HD.

Enhanced Drainage Protocol in Large Amoebic Liver Abscess.

 Amebic liver abscess (ALA) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients of the developing world. Even though medical management is the primary modality of treatment, 15% of the cases are refractory and require intervention for drainage. Pigtail catheterization is inefficient and results in a long duration of hospital stay.

Hepaticocystic Duct in an Era of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

The biliary tract is notorious for its variable anatomy. A persistent hepaticocystic duct with agenesis of common bile duct is a rare biliary anomaly that creates a diagnostic dilemma and can add to the operative difficulties. It is important to diagnose this anomaly preoperatively since the gallbladder forms an integral part of bilioenteric continuity and an inadvertent cholecystectomy can lead to a surgical catastrophe.

Novel Use of Intraoperative Fluoroscopy in an Era of ICG for Complex Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is increasingly being used as a first-line treatment for acute cholecystitis. Bile duct injury (BDI) remains the most feared complication of the minimally invasive approach specially in cases with an inflamed calots triangle. While use of indocyanine dye (ICG) to delineate biliary anatomy serves to reduce BDI, the high cost of the technology prohibits its use in the developing world.

Surgical Mask-the Saviour: from its Invention to the COVID-19 Era.

The earliest available evidence attributes the discovery of droplets as a mode of transmission of disease to Carl Flügge, a German bacteriologist, a contemporary of Emil Kocher, in 1897. This finding was instrumental in the development of the gauze mask introduced by Johann von Mikulicz Radecki in the same year. A surgical mask has become an indispensable tool in the armamentarium to fight the COVID 19 pandemic.