Dynamics of Ferroelectric Flux Closure Array in Oxide Superlattices.

Topological polar soliton such as skyrmions, merons, vortices, flux closures represent topologically nontrivial structures with their stability governed by specific boundary conditions. These polar solitons can be utilized in enhancing memory density and reducing energy consumption in nanoelectronic devices. Flux closure domains exhibit high density and thermal stability, with a strain gradient as large as ≈10 m at the core, which is tunable by adjusting the materials thickness, periodicity.