GSTM1, GSTT1, and NQO1 polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis.

The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical significance of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1, and NQO1 c.609C>T (rs1800566) genetic polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis. GSTM1, GSTT1, and NQO1 polymorphisms together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 192 cervical smear in exfoliated cervical cell samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system.

First trial of cervical cytology in healthy women of urban Laos using by self-sampling instrument.

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Laos women and a screening programme, even with the PAP smear test (PAP test), has yet to be established for routine use. The Pap test is accepted as the most appropriate for cervical cancer screening in some settings but it is not commonly available in Laos hospitals, because there are few cytopathologists and gynecologists have little experience. As a pilot program, seminars for the PAP test were given in 2007 and 2008, and then PAP tests were carried out using self-sampling instrument (Kato's device) with 200 healthy volunteers in Setthathirath hospital, Laos, in 2008.

Genetic Polymorphism of Cancer Susceptibility Genes and HPV Infection in Cervical Carcinogenesis.

It is widely accepted that specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types are the central etiologic agent of cervical carcinogenesis. However, a number of infected women do not develop invasive lesions, suggesting that other environmental and host factors may play decisive roles in the persistence of HPV infection and further malignant conversion of cervical epithelium. Although many previous reports have focused on HPV and environmental factors, the role of host susceptibility to cervical carcinogenesis is largely unknown.

Germline polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1 and p53 codon 72 in cervical carcinogenesis.

The clinical significance of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis was investigated. Germline polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and p53 codon 72 together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 457 blood and cervical smear samples from normal healthy women and the patients with premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. The 167 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 49 with high-grade SIL (HSIL) and 83 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) had significantly higher frequency of high-risk HPV than 158 controls.

MDM2 SNP 309 human papillomavirus infection in cervical carcinogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the biological significance of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at murine double-minute 2 homolog (MDM2) promoter 309 in cervical carcinogenesis.

Methods: SNP at MDM2 promoter 309 (T/G) together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types was examined in a total of 195 cervical smear samples and 8 human cervical squamous carcinoma cell lines using two independent PCR assays and PCR-RFLP techniques.

Results: Forty-one patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) had higher frequency of high-risk HPV than 102 with low-grade SIL (LSIL) and 52 controls.

Polymorphisms of p53 codon 72 and MDM2 promoter 309 and the risk of endometrial cancer.

Genetic polymorphisms of p53 and its negative regulator murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) have been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis in a variety of human cancers. In the present study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at p53 codon 72 and MDM2 promoter 309 was examined for germline DNA samples from 102 endometrial cancer cases and 95 controls using polymerase chain reaction-based fragment analysis. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele prevalence between control subjects and endometrial cancer patients for p53 codon 72.

Murine double-minute 2 homolog single nucleotide polymorphism 309 and the risk of gynecologic cancer.

A functional T to G germline polymorphism in the promoter region of murine double-minute 2 homolog single nucleotide polymorphism 309 (MDM2-SNP309) has been reported to profoundly accelerate tumor formation, suggesting that it may also represent a powerful cancer predisposing allele. In this study, MDM2-SNP309 was examined in a total of 400 blood samples from 108 normal, 88 cervical, 119 endometrial and 85 ovarian cancer cases using two independent polymerase chain reaction assays for each allele. When the MDM2-SNP309 genotype was classified into two subgroups of TT+TG and GG, the GG genotype was associated with an increased risk for the development of endometrial cancer (odds ratio [OR]= 1.

Germline polymorphism of cancer susceptibility genes in gynecologic cancer.

The multifactorial process of carcinogenesis involves mutations in oncogenes, or tumor suppressor genes, as well as the influence of environmental etiological factors. Common DNA polymorphisms in low penetrance genes have emerged as genetic factors that seem to modulate an individual's susceptibility to malignancy. Genetic studies, which lead to a true association, are expected to increase understanding of the pathogenesis of each malignancy and to be a powerful tool for prevention and prognosis in the future.

Mutational analysis of the BRAF gene in human tumor cells.

Genes of the RAF family, which mediate cellular responses to growth signals, encode kinases that are regulated by RAS and participate in the RAS, RAF, mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. As BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase that is commonly activated by somatic point mutation, it may provide possible diagnostic and therapeutic targets in human malignant tumors. We analyzed exon 15 of the BRAF gene for mutations in 58 lung, 12 breast, six kidney, 14 cervical, four endometrial and 10 ovarian carcinoma cell lines by PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing.

Fas gene promoter -670 polymorphism (A/G) is associated with cervical carcinogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the biological significance of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at Fas gene promoter in cervical carcinogenesis.

Methods: SNP at -670 of Fas gene promoter (A/G) together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 279 cervical smear samples and 8 human cervical squamous carcinoma cell lines using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques.

Results: 49 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) had higher frequency of high-risk HPV and GA + GG genotype than 167 with low-grade SIL (LSIL) and 63 controls.

Glutathione-S-transferase and p53 polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis.

Methods: GSTM1, GSTT1 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 198 cervical smear samples using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques.

Results: Forty-two patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) had higher frequency of high-risk HPV and null GSTT1 genotype than 102 with low-grade SIL (LSIL) and 54 controls.

Experience with a self-administered device for cervical cancer screening by Thai women with different educational backgrounds.

Background: This descriptive study was carried out to test the acceptability of a self-administered device for cervical cancer screening and assess certain risk factors in relation to the cancer in two districts of Khon Kaen province in Northeast Thailand.

Methods: A total of 354 women from the villages were selected (including 143 teachers from secondary and primary schools; 24 health officers from the rural health centres, and 37 nurses from the University Hospital, Khon Kaen University). The Kato device was introduced and used by the women, who were then asked to give their opinion on its usage.

A comparison of cytology with Pap smears taken by a gynecologist and with a self-sampling device.

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Thai women and as yet screening programmes are minimally effective. The Pap smear is the test accepted to be most appropriate for cervical cancer screening so far. One of the main reasons why women do not come to have Pap smear done is "shyness", which weakens compliance with recommendations to undergo Pap smear with pelvic examination.