Current Understanding of PCSK9 and Its Relevance to Cancer Prognosis and Immune Therapy: A Review.

The effectiveness of immunotherapy for most cancer patients remains low, with approximately 10-30% of those treated surviving. Thus, much effort is being put into finding new ways to improve immune checkpoint therapy. Our review concludes that inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which plays a critical role in regulating cholesterol metabolism, can cause movement of T cells toward tumors, with increased sensitivity to immune checkpoint therapies.

Physicians' Perspective on a Multidisciplinary Approach to Dysphagia Management.

Introduction: Professionals need a multidisciplinary approach to manage oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD). Each team member should be aware of the signs and symptoms of OPD and collaborate with other team members to reach an optimum outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Iranian physicians regarding dysphagia and speech and language therapy roles in the management of dysphagia.