Molecular approaches to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis; future outlook: engineering of transcription factors in .

Microalgae are the preferred species for producing astaxanthin because they pose a low toxicity risk than chemical synthesis. Astaxanthin has multiple health benefits and is being used in: medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. is a model microalga for astaxanthin biosynthesis; however, its natural astaxanthin content is low.

Piriformospora indica alter root-associated microbiome structure to enhance Artemisia annua L. tolerance to arsenic.

Microorganisms in the rhizosphere are crucial allies for plant stress tolerance. Recent research suggests that by interacting with the rhizosphere microbiome, microorganisms can aid in the revegetation of soils contaminated with heavy metal(loid)s (HMs). However, it is unknown that how Piriformospora indica influences the rhizosphere microbiome to mitigate arsenic-toxicity in arsenic-enriched environments.

JA-Regulated AaGSW1-AaYABBY5/AaWRKY9 Complex Regulates Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua.

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from Artemisia annua, is an essential therapeutic against malaria. YABBY family transcription factor AaYABBY5 is an activator of AaCYP71AV1 (cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase) and AaDBR2 (double-bond reductase 2); however, the protein-protein interactions of AaYABBY5, as well as the mechanism of its regulation, have not yet been elucidated. AaWRKY9 protein is a positive regulator of artemisinin biosynthesis that activates AaGSW1 (glandular trichome-specific WRKY1) and AaDBR2 (double-bond reductase 2).

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors AabHLH2 and AabHLH3 Function Antagonistically With AaMYC2 and Are Negative Regulators in Artemisinin Biosynthesis.

Plants have evolved sophisticated systems for regulating the biosynthesis of specialized phytochemicals. Artemisinin, which is a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in anti-malaria treatment, is produced by the L. plant.

Transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Artemisia annua by AaYABBY5.

Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant rich in terpenes and flavonoids with useful biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. The transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. annua has not been well-studied.

A high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in the leaves of Artemisia annua L.

Background: The Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation, which proved effective in diverse plant species, has been widely applied for high-throughput gene function studies due to its simplicity, rapidity, and high efficiency. Despite the efforts have made on Artemisia annua transient expression, achieving high-throughput gene functional characterization basing on a fast and easy-manipulated transient transformation system in A. annua remains challenging.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the parallel transcriptional regulation of UV-B-induced artemisinin and flavonoid accumulation in Artemisia annua L.

UV-B radiation is a pivotal photomorphogenic signal and positively regulates plant growth and metabolite biosynthesis. In order to elucidate the transcriptional regulation mechanism underlying UV-B-induced artemisinin and flavonoid biosynthesis in Artemisia annua, the transcriptional responses of A. annua L.

Jasmonate- and abscisic acid-activated AaGSW1-AaTCP15/AaORA transcriptional cascade promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua.

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in malaria treatment, was discovered in the medicinal plant Artemisia annua. The biosynthesis of artemisinin is efficiently regulated by jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) via regulatory factors. However, the mechanisms linking JA and ABA signalling with artemisinin biosynthesis through an associated regulatory network of downstream transcription factors (TFs) remain enigmatic.

The ameliorative effects of exogenous inoculation of Piriformospora indica on molecular, biochemical and physiological parameters of Artemisia annua L. under arsenic stress condition.

Aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of exogenously inoculated root endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, on molecular, biochemical, morphological and physiological parameters of Artemisia annua L. treated with different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 μmol/L) of arsenic (As) stress. As was significantly accumulated in the roots than shoots of P.

Light microscopy of Pakistani Berberis leaf cuticles and its taxonomic implications.

Taxonomy of the genus Berberis is quite complex, due to overlapping morphological characters, making it very difficult to differentiate the species within the genus. In order to resolve this taxonomic complexity, the foliar anatomy of 10 Berberis L. species was carried out, for the first time from Pakistan, using light microscopy (LM).

The YABBY Family Transcription Factor AaYABBY5 Directly Targets Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) and Double-Bond Reductase 2 (DBR2) Involved in Artemisinin Biosynthesis in .

Artemisinin is an effective antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone synthesized in . Various transcription factors have been previously reported that can influence the biosynthesis of artemisinin; however, the effect of YABBY family transcription factors on artemisinin biosynthesis was unknown. In the present study, we cloned and characterized AaYABBY5: a homolog of MsYABBY5 in which is involved in modulating the monoterpenes, as a positive regulator of artemisinin biosynthesis in .

Optimization of cell suspension culture of transformed and untransformed lettuce for the enhanced production of secondary metabolites and their pharmaceutical evaluation.

In vitro suspension culture techniques are cost effective for large-scale production of secondary metabolites. In the present study, firstly, suspension cultures of untransformed were prepared using different hormonal combinations and were subjected to different pH, temperature and salt concentrations. Maximum biomass was obtained for suspensions supplemented with 1.

Pollen morphological variation of Berberis L. from Pakistan and its systematic importance.

Due to overlapping and diverse morphological characters, Berberis is among the most taxonomically complex genera. Palynology is one of the taxonomic tools for delimitation and identification of complex species. In this study, pollens of 10 Berberis species were analyzed through light and scanning electron microscopy.