Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution: Assessing translocation, impact, and mitigation strategies in marine ecosystems.

The widespread presence of plastic debris in marine ecosystems was first highlighted as a serious concern in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1972 London Convention. This realization identified plastic pollution as one of the major global environmental issues. Majorities of plastic debris are neither recycled nor incinerated, as a result, it eventually makes its way into lakes, rivers, and oceans.