Livestock infected with Leishmania spp. in southern Iran.

Background: Query ID="Q1" Text="Graphical abstract: As per journal requirements, graphical abstract is necessary. Kindly check and provide the same."The magnitude of the health problems caused by leishmaniasis has been a major driving factor behind the development and implementation of leishmaniasis control programs by the national authorities in Iran, with a priority for health and environmental management.

Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study to propose the diagnostic tests algorithm in southern Iran.

Leishmania infantum is the most common cause of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Iran, where mainly the patients are children under the age of 5 years. Timely, less invasive, and accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of the disease are necessary. This retrospective study aimed to search for a less invasive but robust algorithm on VL diagnostic tests in children.

Construction of AAV-rat-IL4 and Evaluation of its Modulating Effect on Aβ (1-42)-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokines in Primary Microglia and the B92 Cell Line by Quantitative PCR Assay.

Background: Interleukin-4 (IL-4), as the most prominent anti-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in modulating microglial activation and inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic inflammatory disorder.

Objectives: The current study aimed to develop a new recombinant Adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector that delivers IL-4 and then assess the counterbalancing effect of the new construct along with recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4) protein in in-vitro models of AD.

Materials And Methods: The rAAV-IL4 was originally prepared and then employed along with rIL-4 protein to counter Amyloid β (1-42)-induced proinflammatory cytokines in a primary microglia cell culture and the B92 rat microglia continuous cell line, using relative Real-Time PCR assay.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A and E Virus Infections Among Healthy Population in Shiraz, Southern Iran.

Background: Enterically-transmitted acute viral hepatitis is caused predominantly by hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). The prevalence of HEV and HAV infections varies in different geographical regions.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HEV and HAV infections among Iranian healthy individuals in southern Iran.

The incidence of epstein-barr virus primary infection among suspected patients referred to namazi hospital of shiraz, iran.

Background: Many children become infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) during their childhood. Since the clinical profile of EBV primary infection is challenging, it is important to use the best diagnostic clinical means. Detection of IgM against viral capsid antigen (VCA) by ELISA has been shown to be a reliable method.

Diagnosing of herpes simplex virus infections in suspected patients using real-time PCR.

Background: Herpes simplex virus infections are very common worldwide. The virus can cause infection in various body parts, especially eyes and the nervous system. Therefore, an early diagnosis and highly sensitive method is very helpful.

Hepatitis B virus DNA level Among the Seropositive Afghan Immigrants, Southern Iran.

Background: Diagnosis and control programs for infectious diseases among immigrants are the most important aspects of epidemiological studies for both origin and destination countries. Data about hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among the Afghan immigrants in Iran is limited.

Objectives: To the best of HBV treatment and prevention in Afghan immigrants in Iran, the present study was conducted to determine the virus DNA level, and the frequency of respective hepatitis B risk factors among the respective seropositive patients in Fars province, southern Iran.

Determining hepatitis C virus genotype distribution among high-risk groups in Iran using real-time PCR.

Aim: To assess hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype patterns among high-risk Iranian groups, using real-time RT-PCR.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the distribution of different HCV genotypes among injection drug users and other high-risk groups over a 4-year period (from 2009 to 2012) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sera from 888 HCV-infected patients residing in southern and southwest Iran were genotyped using real-time PCR with common primers and specific probes.

Interleukin-8 but not interleukin-6 variant may affect susceptibility to brucellosis.

Background: Increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in acute human brucellosis have been reported. Previous studies have shown that the production and level of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines are associated with the polymorphism of the encoding genes.

Objective: To investigate the probable association between IL-6 (-174 C/G) and IL-8 (-251 A/T) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility/resistance to brucellosis.

Association of interleukin-18 gene variants with susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian population.

Host resistance to Leishmania infection is mediated by cellular immune responses leading to macrophage activation and parasite killing. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) known as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inducing factor, stimulates IFN-γ production by T cells. Taking into account the important role of IL-18 in the defense against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and the known effect of IL-18 gene polymorphisms on its production, the aim of this study was to investigate the probable relationship between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to VL.

Interleukin-17A genetic variants can confer resistance to brucellosis in Iranian population.

On the subject of brucellosis, it seems that Th1/Th2 cytokines balance may be involved in the resistance or susceptibility to Brucella infection. In this respect, Th1 cytokines confer resistance, while Th2 cytokines predispose brucellosis. It is also clarified that IL-17 is required for the induction of IFN-γ and IL-12 in macrophages and dendritic cells.

IL-1β (-511T/C) gene polymorphism not IL-1β (+3953T/C) and LT-α (+252A/G) gene variants confers susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis.

Lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) are proinflammatory cytokines playing important roles in immunity against Leishmania infection and the outcome of the disease. As cytokine productions are under the genetic control, this study tried to find any probable relationship between these cytokine gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian pediatric patients. Ninety-five pediatric patients involved with visceral leishmaniasis and 128 non-relative healthy people, from the same area as the patients, were genotyped for LT-α (+252A/G) and IL-1β (+3953T/C and -511T/C) gene polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).