Metagenomic identification of gut microbiota distribution on the colonic mucosal biopsy samples in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be the most common liver disease in the world, and there are currently no approved pharmacological treatments to prevent or treat this condition. In addition to being associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis, NAFLD has now become the leading cause of liver failure-associated transplantation. The 16S rRNA gene which conserved regions can serve as universal primer binding sites for PCR amplification of gene fragments, while hypervariable regions contain significant sequence diversity useful for prokaryotic identification purposes.

The effect of PNPLA3 polymorphism as gain in function mutation in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often associated with metabolic syndrome (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and obesity). NAFLD is multi-factorial in pathogenesis with some genetic predisposition. The variant patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) is known to be an independent risk factor for hepatocellular cancer (HCC).

Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by P. aeruginosa and characterization of some metabolites.

Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a nitroaromatic explosive found in the soil and ground water, was investigated using Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in vitro experiments . Biodegradable abilitiy of this bacteria was performed with 50 and 75 mg L (-1) TNT concentrations in a defined liquid medium for 96 h time period. Treatment of TNT in supernatant samples taken at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from agitated vessels was followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Determination of microbial quality and plasmid-mediated multidrug resistant bacteria in fountain drinking water sources in Turkey.

The bacterial contamination as the total aerobic bacteria, coliform and fecal coliform numbers were determined and analyzed for temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in seasonally collected water samples from fifteen different stations placed in Adana-Tufanbeyli road line during March 2008 - January 2009. In addition, antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates were examined against frequently used antibiotics, and analyzed plasmid DNAof multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) isolates. Total aerobic bacteria in fountain water samples was determined as 3 x 10(3) CFU ml(-1) and total and fecal coliforms were determined 460 MPN/100 ml.

Aerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by Bacillus cereus isolated from contaminated soil.

In this study, biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) which is very highly toxic environmentally and an explosive in nitroaromatic character was researched in minimal medium by Bacillus cereus isolated from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) TNT-contaminated soils. In contrast to most previous studies, the capability of this bacteria to transform in liquid medium containing TNT was investigated. During degradation, treatment of TNT was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and achievement of degradation was calculated as percentage.

Resistances of antibiotics and heavy metals in Enterobacteriaceae spp. isolated from gills and intestines of Achanthobrama marmid (Heckel,1843) from Sir Dam lake Turkey.

A total of 94 bacteria, associated with wild Achanthobrama marmid (Heckel, 1843) in Sir Dam lake of Turkey identified. Subsequently selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level The 94 members of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in the gills and intestines, and among the isolates, E. coli were represented at a rate of 55%, Shigella spp.

Transient expression of red and yellow fluorescent protein vectors in HCT-8 cells infected with Cryptosporidium parvum.

Electroporation in combination with the red and yellow fluorescent protein (RFP and YFP, respectively) reporter systems results in transient gene expression in HCT-8 cell lines infected and uninfected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Conditions are described allowing efficient electroporation of HCT-8 cell monolayers in a commercial electroporation device (180 kV/cm voltage, 250 microF capacitance, and 0 ohm (ohm) resistance resulting in a time constant of 0.4 ms.

Antibacterial agents and heavy metal resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from seawater, shrimp and sediment in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey.

The aim of the present study was to determine the level of antibiotic resistance patterns and distribution of heavy metal resistance of bacterial isolates from seawater, sediment and shrimps, and to determine if there is a relationship between antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. We undertook studies in 2007 in the industrially polluted Iskenderun Bay, on the south coast of Turkey. The resistance of 236 Gram-negative bacterial isolates (49 from seawater, 90 from sediment and 97 from shrimp) to 16 different antibiotics, and to 5 heavy metals, was investigated by agar diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively.

Highly thermostable and alkaline α-amylase from a halotolerant-alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. AB68.

An alkaliphilic and highly thermostable α-amylase producing Bacillus sp. was isolated from Van soda lake. Enzyme synthesis occurred at temperatures between 25°C and 40°C.

The reuse of dried activated sludge for adsorption of reactive dye.

Adsorption processes are alternative effective methods for removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions. The adsorption ability of adsorbent affects by physico-chemical environment for this reason in this paper effect of initial pH, dye concentrations, temperature and dye hydrolyzation were determined in a batch system for removal of reactive dye by dried activated sludge. The Langmuir isotherm model was well described of adsorption reactive dye and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (at pH 2) of activated sludge was determined as 116, 93 and 71mgg(-1) for 20 degrees , 35 degrees and 50 degrees C, respectively.