The relationship between changes in functional networks and cognitive changes and PTSD symptoms in maltreated children before and after TF-CBT.

Several studies have found that maltreated children show neuropsychological deficits in various cognitive domains such as memory and attention, language, visuospatial skills, emotional regulation, social cognition, and executive functioning. In terms of functional connectivity, abused children show an increased connectivity in the salience network (SN) as opposed to a decreased connectivity within the default (DMN) and executive networks (CEN). Children who suffer maltreatment may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which in turn, can increase psychological and cognitive sequelae.

Brain structural change associated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in maltreated children.

Background: Severely maltreatment child is a harmful social factor that can disrupt normal neurodevelopment. Two commonly reported effects of maltreatment are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and brain structural and functional alteration. While Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is effectively used to reduce PTSD symptoms in maltreated children, yet, its impact on brain structural alterations has not been fully explored.

[Formula: see text] Can psychopathy be prevented? Clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic data: an exploratory study.

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship among brain functional activations elicited by an emotional paradigm, clinical scores (PTSD, anxiety, and depression), psychopathic traits, and genetic characteristics (5-HTTLPR) in a group of severely maltreated children compared to a healthy control group before and after the implementation of a Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The final sample consisted of an experimental group of 14 maltreated children (mean age = 8.77 years old, .

Longitudinal magnetic resonance evaluation of the schizophrenia model of neonatal lesion in the ventral hippocampus.

Objective: To evaluate the progression by means of nuclear magnetic resonance of the lesion in the schizophrenia model of lesion of the ventral hippocampal nucleus (LVNH).

Method: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in male Wistar rats, from 8 days postnatal to 139 days, in animals with LNHV and without lesion (sham). The MRI were carried out on a Variant 7 T equipment.

A Pilot Study of Facial Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Artery Vasospasm in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients.

Background: The objective of this pilot study was to assess the safety and efficacy of VitalFlow stimulation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients with vasospasm for the purpose of guiding the design of larger, controlled studies in vasospasm patients, a largely untreated condition [1].

Methods: Six patients with angiographic vasospasm developing post-aSAH were treated with VitalFlow stimulation. Digital subtraction angiograms were obtained at the time of diagnosis (baseline) and then 30 minutes post-stimulation.

Neuroanatomical features and its usefulness in classification of patients with PANDAS.

Objective: An obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subtype has been associated with streptococcal infections and is called pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococci (PANDAS). The neuroanatomical characterization of subjects with this disorder is crucial for the better understanding of its pathophysiology; also, evaluation of these features as classifiers between patients and controls is relevant to determine potential biomarkers and useful in clinical diagnosis. This was the first multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) study on an early-onset OCD subtype.

Facial nerve stimulation in normal pigs and healthy human volunteers: transitional development of a medical device for the emergency treatment of ischemic stroke.

Background: Magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve has been tested in preclinical studies as a new, non-invasive emergency treatment of ischemic stroke that acts by increasing cerebral blood flow (CBF). The objective of the studies reported herein was to identify minimal stimulation parameters that increase CBF in large animals and then test those stimulation parameters in healthy volunteers for safety, tolerability, and effectiveness at increasing CBF. This translational research is necessary preparation for clinical studies in ischemic stroke patients.

Defining new aims for BME programs in Latin America: the case of UAM-Iztapalapa.

The need for upkeep and management of medical technology has fostered the creation of a large number of under graduate programs in the field of biomedical Engineering. In Latin America alone, there are over 85 programs dedicated to this. This contrasts with programs in other regions where most of the undergraduates continue on to pursue graduate degrees or work as research and development engineers in the biomedical industry.

Magnetic facial nerve stimulation in animal models of active seizure.

Purpose: As part of our efforts to develop a non-invasive facial nerve stimulator as an emergency treatment for ischemic stroke, we considered possible safety consequences if the technology was misapplied to stroke mimics, e.g., seizure.

Facial nerve stimulation as a future treatment for ischemic stroke.

Stimulation of the autonomic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve system (hereafter simply "facial nerve") rapidly dilates the cerebral arteries and increases cerebral blood flow whether that stimulation is delivered at the facial nerve trunk or at distal points such as the sphenopalatine ganglion. Facial nerve stimulation thus could be used as an emergency treatment of conditions of brain ischemia such as ischemic stroke. A rich history of scientific research has examined this property of the facial nerve, and various means of activating the facial nerve can be employed including noninvasive means.

Effect of Feeding and Suction on Gastric Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements.

A specific device and system has been developed and tested for clinical monitoring of gastric mucosal reactance in the critically ill as an early warning of splanchnic hypoperfusion associated with shock and sepsis. This device has been proven effective in clinical trials and is expected to become commercially available next year. The system uses a combination nasogastric tube and impedance spectroscopy probe as a single catheter.

Gastrointestinal ischemia monitoring through impedance spectroscopy as a tool for the management of the critically ill.

Impedance spectroscopy (IS) has been proposed as a tool for monitoring mucosal tissue ischemia and damage in the gut of critically ill patients resulting from shock and hypoperfusion. A specific device and system have been developed and tested for this specific application over the past 12 years by our research group. This paper reviews previously published studies as well as unpublished experimental results, and puts the whole in context and perspective to help understand this technology.

Modeling the effects of biomass accumulation on the performance of a biotrickling filter packed with PUF support for the alkaline biotreatment of dimethyl disulfide vapors in air.

Excess biomass buildup in biotrickling filters leads to low performance. The effect of biomass accumulation in a biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with polyurethane foam (PUF) was assessed in terms of hydrodynamics and void space availability in a system treating dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) vapors with an alkaliphilic consortium. A sample of colonized support from a BTF having been operating for over a year was analyzed, and it was found that the BTF void bed fraction was reduced to almost half of that calculated initially without biomass.

Effects of noninvasive facial nerve stimulation in the dog middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Facial nerve stimulation has been proposed as a new treatment of ischemic stroke because autonomic components of the nerve dilate cerebral arteries and increase cerebral blood flow when activated. A noninvasive facial nerve stimulator device based on pulsed magnetic stimulation was tested in a dog middle cerebral artery occlusion model.

Methods: We used an ischemic stroke dog model involving injection of autologous blood clot into the internal carotid artery that reliably embolizes to the middle cerebral artery.

[Time of cord clamping and neonatal complications, a prospective study].

Objective: To assess the effects of early or late clamping of the umbilical cord in term newborns, assessing the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin, and their correlation with some of the complications.

Patients And Methods: A prospective study of healthy newborns at term or born by dystotic or eutocic delivery in our hospital between May 2009 until May 2010. Patients were assigned according to the time of clamping, group 1 (<60 seconds), group 2 (1 to<2 minutes), and group 3 (2 to 3 minutes).

Restored brain perfusion after non-invasive stimulation of the facial nerve in a canine stroke model.

Ischemic stroke affects over 15 million patients per year and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently available treatments are indicated for less than 5% of patients. Stimulation of the facial nerve has been proposed as a possible new treatment of ischemic stroke that acts by increasing blood flow to the brain and thereby restoring perfusion through collateral vessels.

Effect of pulsed magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve on cerebral blood flow.

In these experiments we define an effective means of pulsed magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve for the purpose of increasing cerebral blood flow (CBF). In normal anesthetized dog and sheep, a focal magnetic field was directed toward the facial nerve within the temporal bone by placing a 6.5 cm figure-8 stimulation coil over the ear.

Incidence of gastric mucosal injury as measured by reactance in critically ill patients.

Gastric reactance has been proposed as a measure of mucosal ischemic injury in the critically ill. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastric mucosal injury as measured by gastric reactance in different subgroups of critical patients. We studied 100 adult patients admitted to 7 different hospital intensive care units, requiring a nasogastric tube.

In vivo performance evaluation of the Innovamedica pneumatic ventricular assist device.

We evaluated the in vivo performance of the Innovamedica pneumatic ventricular assist device (VAD), a new prototype of a simple, low-cost device for hospital circulatory support programs. We implanted the Innovamedica VAD in 6 sheep (weighing 55 to 91 kg). The inflow cannula was placed in the left ventricle, and the outflow cannula was anastomosed to the descending thoracic aorta.

Lung water assessment in isolated lung perfusion model via reactance monitoring.

The aim of this work was to build up a new monitoring technique for the lung preservation. The medical aside problem is to measure the integrity and functionality of the lung tissue, specifically at cellular preservation level in order to improve the survival time until it is grafted. The Impedance monitoring technique for diagnosis edema development is the key in this new technique.

In vivo performance evaluation of the innovamedica pneumatic ventricular assist device.

We evaluated the short- and mid-term in vivo performance of the Innovamedica ventricular assist device (VAD), a new, low-cost, paracorporeal, pneumatically actuated, pulsatile blood pump. We implanted the VAD in six healthy sheep by inserting the stainless-steel inflow cannula into the left ventricular apex and suturing the outflow graft to the descending thoracic aorta. The anesthetized animals were supported for 6 hours, and pump performance, hemodynamic parameters, and hemolysis were monitored.

In vivo assessment of hemocompatibility of a ventricular assist device in healthy swine.

Objective: To assess the hemocompatible performance of a novel implantable pneumatic ventricular assist device (VAD, Innovamédica, México) in healthy swine. The aim of this pilot study was first, to determine if short-term VAD implantation elicited remarkable inflammatory response above that expected from surgical trauma; and second, to assess if heparinized or passivated VAD coatings, in combination with systemic anticoagulant or antiaggregant therapies, modified the VAD's hemocompatible performance.

Methods: Hemodynamic, physicologic, inflammatory and histological parameters were measured in 27 pigs receiving VAD support for six hours, testing combinations of heparinized or passivated VAD coatings and systemic anticoagulant/ antiaggregant therapies.

Emergence of supramolecular chirality by flows.

Hydrodynamic forces in stirred solutions induce chirality in some supramolecular species of J-aggregates, as detected at the level of the electronic transition. However, the mechanism that explains the phenomenon remains to be elucidated, although the basic effect of hydrodynamic gradients of the shear rate is most probably the folding or bending of the nanoparticles in solution. Herein, we demonstrate a correlation between chiral flows in different regions of circular and square stirred cuvettes and the emergence of true circular dichroism (CD).

The predictive value of gastric reactance for postoperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients.

No useful method to directly monitor the level of end organ tissue injury is currently available clinically. Gastric reactance has been proposed to measure changes in a tissue structure caused by ischemia. The purpose of this study was to assess whether gastric reactance is a reliable, clinically relevant predictor of complications and a potentially useful tool to assess hypoperfusion in cardiovascular surgery patients.