The association of glycaemic risk factors and diabetes duration with risk of heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To conduct a systematic review in order to better understand the association of glycaemic risk factors and diabetes duration with risk of heart failure (HF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We identified longitudinal studies investigating the association of glycaemic factors (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], HbA1c variability, and hypoglycaemia) and diabetes duration with HF in individuals with T2D. Hazard ratios and odds ratios were extracted and meta-analysed using a random-effects model where appropriate.

Impact of type 2 diabetes and its duration on incidence rates of dementia death and medication prescription in the Australian population during 2003-2016.

Aims: To quantify rates of dementia treatment and death among Australians with type 2 diabetes relative to those without diabetes using linked national registries of Australia.

Methods: The study included 891,418 people with type 2 diabetes registered on the National Diabetes Services Scheme and a randomly sampled, population-based comparison group (n = 1,131,369). Outcomes included dementia death (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia), and first prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine.

Evaluating the incidence of complications among people with diabetes according to age of onset: Findings from the UK Biobank.

Aims: To examine the impact of current age, age at diagnosis, and duration of diabetes on the incidence rate of complications among people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Baseline data from 19,327 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank were analysed. Poisson regression was used to model incidence rates by current age, age at diagnosis, and duration of diabetes for the following outcomes: myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, end-stage kidney diseases (ESKD), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), liver diseases, depression, and anxiety.

Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio Variability in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical and Research Implications.

Rationale & Objective: Evidence has demonstrated that albuminuria is a key diagnostic and prognostic marker of diabetic chronic kidney disease, but the impact of its day-to-day variability has not been adequately considered. This study quantified within-individual variability of albuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes to inform clinical albuminuria monitoring.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional analysis.

Hospital admissions among people with diabetes: A systematic review.

Objective: To describe the reasons for hospital admission among people with diabetes.

Methods: We searched Emcare, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar databases for population-based studies describing the causes of hospitalisation among people with diabetes. We included articles published in English from 1980 to 2022.

Algorithms to define diabetes type using data from administrative databases: A systematic review of the evidence.

Aims: To find the best-performing algorithms to distinguish type 1 and type 2 diabetes in administrative data.

Methods: Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched from January 2000 until January 2023. Papers evaluating the performance of algorithms to define type 1 and type 2 diabetes by reporting diagnostic metrics against a range of reference standards were selected.

Association of biomarkers and risk scores with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Subclinical LV dysfunction (LVD) identifies heart failure (HF) risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We sought the extent to which clinical scores (ARIC-HF, WATCH-DM), natriuretic peptides (NTpBNP) and troponin (hs-TnT) were associated with subclinical LV dysfunction (LVD). These associations could inform the ability of these tests to identify which patients should undergo echocardiography.

Clinical Utility of Cardiovascular Risk Scores for Identification of People With Type 2 Diabetes More Likely to Benefit From Either GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy.

Objective: Differentiation of risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) from heart failure hospitalization (HHF) or kidney disease is important when selecting glucose-lowering therapy. We investigated the ability of separate MACE and HHF risk scores to 1) differentiate MACE from HHF risk; and 2) identify individuals more likely to benefit from either glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is).

Research Design And Methods: We identified three trials in type 2 diabetes that reported cardiovascular outcomes stratified by Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Scores for MACE and HHF.

Excess all-cause and cause-specific mortality for people with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease.

Aims: Excess mortality is high in the setting of diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but the effects of ESKD beyond diabetes itself remains incompletely understood. We examined excess mortality in people with diabetes with versus without ESKD, and variation by age, sex and diabetes type.

Methods: This study included 63,599 people with type 1 (aged 20-69 years; 56% men) and 1,172,160 people with type 2 diabetes (aged 30+ years; 54% men), from the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme.

Effect of a 3-Year Lifestyle Intervention in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Supervised lifestyle interventions have the potential to significantly improve physical activity and fitness in patients with CKD.

Methods: To assess the efficacy of a lifestyle intervention in patients with CKD to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity over 36 months, we conducted a randomized clinical trial, enrolling 160 patients with stage 3-4 CKD, with 81 randomized to usual care and 79 to a 3-year lifestyle intervention. The lifestyle intervention comprised care from a multidisciplinary team, including a nephrologist, nurse practitioner, exercise physiologist, dietitian, diabetes educator, psychologist, and social worker.

IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021.

Aims: To provide up-to-date estimates of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (UDM) prevalence - both globally, and by region/country, for the year 2021.

Methods: Data sources reporting diabetes prevalence were identified through a systematic search in the peer-reviewed and grey literature. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated from the data from each country where data was available.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions on psychosocial and behavioural outcomes among Australian adults with type 2 diabetes: Findings from the PREDICT cohort study.

Aim: To examine psychosocial and behavioural impacts of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown restrictions among adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Participants enrolled in the PRogrEssion of DIabetic ComplicaTions (PREDICT) cohort study in Melbourne, Australia (n = 489 with a baseline assessment pre-2020) were invited to complete a phone/online follow-up assessment in mid-2020 (i.e.

Heart failure hospitalisation relative to major atherosclerotic events in type 2 diabetes with versus without chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials.

Aim: We examined whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) modifies the frequency of heart failure hospitalisation (HHF) relative to atherosclerotic major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction [MI], or stroke) in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Of 16 cardiovascular outcomes trials in type 2 diabetes since 2013, seven reported outcomes stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) category (<60 vs. ≥60 mL/min/1.

Declining mortality in older people with type 2 diabetes masks rising excess risks at younger ages: a population-based study of all-cause and cause-specific mortality over 13 years.

Background: Excess mortality in people with vs without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has fallen, but it is unclear whether men/women at all ages have benefited and which causes of death have driven these trends.

Methods: All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates and excess mortality [by mortality rate ratios (MRRs) relative to the non-diabetic general population] were examined in 1 268 018 Australians with T2DM registered on the National Diabetes Services Scheme (2002-2014).

Results: Age-standardized mortality decreased in men (-2.

Do morbidity measures predict the decline of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living amongst older inpatients? A systematic review.

Objectives: Older adults often suffer from multimorbidity, which results in hospitalisations. These are often associated with poor health outcomes such as functional dependence and mortality. The aim of this review was to summarise the current literature on the capacities of morbidity measures in predicting activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) amongst inpatients.

[Pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis].

Mastocytosis are orphan diseases characterized by the accumulation of mast cells in one or more organs. A distinction is made between systemic forms (10 %) and pure cutaneous forms (90 %), the latter being mainly pediatric and generally having a spontaneously favourable prognosis. In the absence of a systemic sign, the diagnostic criteria for cutaneous mastocytosis are Darier's sign, in principle, pathognomonic, as well as skin histology confirming mast cell infiltration.

Incidence of Hospitalization for Heart Failure Relative to Major Atherosclerotic Events in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials.

Background: Emerging evidence points to heart failure as being a common first presentation of cardiovascular (CV) disease in type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) occurs more or less frequently than major adverse CV events (MACE) in people with type 2 diabetes.

Data Sources: Placebo arms of CV outcomes trials in type 2 diabetes were included.

A systematic review of trends in all-cause mortality among people with diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: We examined all-cause mortality trends in people with diabetes and compared them with trends among people without diabetes.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for observational studies published from 1980 to 2019 reporting all-cause mortality rates across ≥2 time periods in people with diabetes. Mortality trends were examined by ethnicity, age and sex within comparable calendar periods.

Young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus - implications for morbidity and mortality.

Accumulating data suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in younger people (aged <40 years), referred to as young-onset T2DM, has a more rapid deterioration of β-cell function than is seen in later-onset T2DM. Furthermore, individuals with young-onset T2DM seem to have a higher risk of complications than those with type 1 diabetes mellitus. As the number of younger adults with T2DM increases, young-onset T2DM is predicted to become a more frequent feature of the broader diabetes mellitus population in both developing and developed nations, particularly in certain ethnicities.

Morbidity Measures Predicting Mortality in Inpatients: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Morbidity is an important risk factor for mortality and a variety of morbidity measures have been developed to predict patients' health outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to compare the capacity of morbidity measures in predicting mortality among inpatients admitted to internal medicine, geriatric, or all hospital wards.

Design: A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to March 6, 2019 using 4 databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL.

Oligo-astrocytoma in LZTR1-related Noonan syndrome.

Mutations in LZTR1, already known to be causal in familial schwannomatosis type 2, have been recently involved in a small proportion of patients with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Noonan syndrome. LZTR1 is also a driver gene in non syndromal glioblastoma. We report a 26-year-old patient with typical Noonan syndrome, and the dominantly transmitted c.

Associations of Chronic Kidney Disease Markers with Cognitive Function: A 12-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background: The role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a risk factor for cognitive impairment independent of their shared antecedents remains controversial.

Objective: To determine whether kidney damage (indicated by albuminuria) or kidney dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) predict future (12-year) cognitive function independently of their shared risk factors.

Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Exercise Capacity Trajectory: Implications for Subclinical Heart Failure Staging Criteria.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association of stage B heart failure (SBHF) and its constituent left ventricular (LV) abnormalities with trajectory of exercise capacity over time, and assess whether this association is modified by reversion of these LV abnormalities to normal.

Background: The LV abnormalities of SBHF may coincide with a reduction in exercise capacity that precedes the overt exercise intolerance of clinical heart failure (HF). Determining the predictive capacity of established and novel SBHF criteria for exercise capacity decline may improve HF risk stratification.

Mild cognitive impairment is associated with subclinical diastolic dysfunction in patients with chronic heart disease.

Background: To examine mild cognitive impairment and its associations with subclinical cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic heart disease yet to develop the clinical syndrome of chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods And Results: Patients from the Nurse-led Intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure Study (n = 373 with chronic heart disease other than CHF; 64 ± 11 years, 69% men) were screened for mild cognitive impairment [Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score <26] and underwent echocardiographic/clinical profiling. We investigated associations of mild cognitive impairment and MoCA cognitive domain subscores with global cardiac status ('normal' vs.