Osteoinductive potential of graphene and graphene oxide for bone tissue engineering: a comparative study.

Background: Bone defects, especially critical-size bone defects, and their repair pose a treatment challenge. Osteoinductive scaffolds have gained importance given their potential in bone tissue engineering applications.

Methods: Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds are used for their morphological, physical, cell-compatible and osteoinductive properties.

Interrogating erectile dysfunction and evaluating novel therapeutic frontiers, with emphasis on stem cell strategies.

Male infertility arises from a complex interplay of factors affecting reproductive organs and various physiological pathways. Among these, erectile dysfunction (ED), a widespread global issue, plays a key role. While existing ED treatments address some aspects, achieving complete reversibility and avoiding side effects remains a challenge.

From stem cells to extracellular vesicles: a new horizon in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

In the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become viable therapeutic tools. EVs produced from stem cells promote tissue healing by regulating the immune system, enhancing cell proliferation and aiding remodeling processes. Recently, EV has gained significant attention from researchers due to its ability to treat various diseases.

Primary Gastric Synovial Sarcoma in a Young Male: a Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.

We are reporting a rare case of primary gastric synovial sarcoma in a young male. Synovial sarcoma of the stomach is a very rare tumor. The common involved sites of occurrence of synovial sarcomas are upper and lower extremities.

Modified Radical Mastectomy vs Breast-Conserving Surgery: Current Clinical Practice in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer at a Corporate Tertiary Cancer Center in India.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in urban India and surgery has one of the definitive roles in treating this cancer. Over the decades, multiple studies have been published and they have shown that BCS followed by radiotherapy has equivalent disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) as compared with MRM. The surgeon has the main role in explaining the treatment options to the patient.

Does Preoperative Diagnosis Will Change the Treatment Plan of Clear Cell Carcinoma of Endometrium Masquerading as Desmoid Tumor of Anterior Abdominal Wall?: a Case Report.

Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the female genital tract can arise in the ovary, endometrium, cervicovaginal region, in peritoneal and other extra pelvic sites. However, CCC involving anterior abdominal wall is a very rare entity. We are reporting a case of 55-year-old postmenopausal lady with ECOG PS-I with no comorbidity had history of cesarean section about 30 years back and presented with pain in abdomen at periumbilical region about 9 months back.

Functional Malignant Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma with Liver Metastasis: a Rare Case Report.

Paragangliomas are rare neoplasms. Their specific annual incidence is still unclear. These are rare neuroendocrine tumors which arise from extra-adrenal paraganglioma and they have the ability to secrete catecholamines.

Convalescent plasma therapy - a silver lining for COVID-19 management?

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the world towards social, economic, and medical challenges. Scientific research in medicine is the only means to overcome novel and complex diseases like COVID-19. To sum up the therapeutic wild-goose chase, many available antivirals and repurposed drugs have failed to show successful clinical evidence in patient recovery, several vaccine candidates are still waiting in the trial pipelines and a few have become available to the common public for administration in record time.

Immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles: an alternative to cell therapy for COVID-19.

: SARS-CoV-2 induces a cytokine storm and can cause inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis in the lungs, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity the associated to COVID-19, and the cytokine storm is a prominent etiological factor. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are an alternative therapy for the management of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions due to their immunosuppressive properties.

Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause for the COVID-19 infection-related morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical evidences suggest increased level of cytokines and chemokines targeting lung tissue as a prominent etiological factor. The immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as the alternative therapy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is well known.

Gastrectomy with D2 Lymphadenectomy for Carcinoma of the Stomach in a Stand-alone Cancer Centre in Rural India.

Context: The therapeutic role of D2 lymphadenectomy in the management of gastric cancer is an ongoing controversy.

Aims: To examine the morbidity and oncological outcomes of D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer patients treated in a stand-alone cancer center in rural India and to compare it with international data.

Settings And Design: Retrospective study on patients treated for gastric cancer from June 2009 to December 2014.

En Bloc Resection with Partial Sacrectomy Helps to Achieve R0 Resection in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer, Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Center.

Partial sacrectomy is a radical procedure that benefits a select group of patients with locally advanced primary or recurrent rectal cancer with posterior extension and carries potential for significant morbidity. This study was done to evaluate the morbidity and oncological outcome of patients who underwent partial sacral resection for rectal cancer in a tertiary cancer center. Seventeen patients underwent partial sacrectomy during the period from 2011 to 2015.

Bioinspired Engineering for Liver Tissue Regeneration and Development of Bioartificial Liver: A Review.

Patients with advanced liver disease have very high mortality due to associated complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and multiorgan failure. Liver transplant is the only therapeutic option for such patients; however, problems linked to availability, cost, complications, and side effects limit its practical application. The strong potential for hepatic regeneration and recovery has been documented in liver disease, without advance decomposition of the liver.

Functionally coated polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes: A substrate for enhanced HepG2/C3A functions.

Hollow fiber membrane (HFM) based liver assist systems are a life-saving bridge for patients until a donor organ is available for transplantation or until liver regeneration. However, liver cell attachment and functional maintenance on HFM surface is a major challenge in bio-artificial liver (BAL) support systems. In the present study, novel glutaraldehyde (GTA)-crosslinked gelatin (gel)-coated polyethersulfone (X-gel-PT) HFMs were manufactured using triple orifice spinneret by the dry-wet spinning method.

Islet encapsulated implantable composite hollow fiber membrane based device: A bioartificial pancreas.

Islets from xeno-sources and islet like clusters derived from autologus stem cells have emerged as alternatives to cadaveric pancreas used for treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the immuno-isolation of these islets from the host immune system suffers from the issue of biocompatibility and hypoxia. To overcome the issues of immunobarrier biocompatibility, we developed a Polysulfone (Psf)/TPGS composite hollow fiber membrane (HFM) using a hollow fiber spinning pilot plant specially developed for this purpose.

Artificial Bone via Bone Tissue Engineering: Current Scenario and Challenges.

Bone provides mechanical support, and flexibility to the body as a structural frame work along with mineral storage, homeostasis, and blood pH regulation. The repair and/or replacement of injured or defective bone with healthy bone or bone substitute is a critical problem in orthopedic treatment. Recent advances in tissue engineering have shown promising results in developing bone material capable of substituting the conventional autogenic or allogenic bone transplants.

Bioconductive 3D nano-composite constructs with tunable elasticity to initiate stem cell growth and induce bone mineralization.

Bioactive 3D composites play an important role in advanced biomaterial design to provide molecular coupling and improve integrity with the cellular environment of the native bone. In the present study, a hybrid lyophilized polymer composite blend of anionic charged sodium salt of carboxymethyl chitin and gelatin (CMChNa-GEL) reinforced with nano-rod agglomerated hydroxyapatite (nHA) has been developed with enhanced biocompatibility and tunable elasticity. The scaffolds have an open, uniform and interconnected porous structure with an average pore diameter of 157±30μm and 89.

Bifunctional Polysulfone-Chitosan Composite Hollow Fiber Membrane for Bioartificial Liver.

Hollow fiber membranes are widely used as assist devices for bioartificial liver application. Asymmetric porous polysulfone and polysulfone-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Psf-TPGS) composite hollow fiber and flat membranes were prepared by phase inversion procedure and subsequently surface modified with chitosan using sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. Sulfonation induces negative charge on the prepared membrane surface and facilitates the attachment of chitosan amine groups by electrostatic interaction.

Design for a lithographically patterned bioartificial endocrine pancreas.

Cell encapsulation provides a means to transplant therapeutic cells for a variety of diseases including diabetes. However, due to the large numbers of cells, approximately on the order of a billion, that need to be transplanted for human diabetes therapy, adequate mass transport of nutrients such as oxygen presents a major challenge. Proof-of-concept for the design of a bioartificial endocrine pancreas (BAEP) that is optimized to minimize hypoxia in a scalable and precise architecture is demonstrated using a combination of simulations and experiments.

Diversity assessment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation: impact of growth condition, serotype and strain origin.

The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has the ability to produce biofilms in food-processing environments and then contaminate food products, which is a major concern for food safety. The biofilm forming behavior of 143 L. monocytogenes strains was determined in four different media that were rich, moderate or poor in nutrients at 12°C, 20°C, 30°C and 37°C.

Hardystonite improves biocompatibility and strength of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers over hydroxyapatite: a comparative study.

The aim of this study was to compare physico-chemical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) and hardystonite (HS) based composite scaffolds. Hardystonite (Ca2ZnSi2O7) powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method while polycaprolactone-hardystonite (PCL-HS) and polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA) were fabricated in nanofibrous form by electrospinning. The physico-chemical and biological properties such as tensile strength, cell proliferation, cell infiltration and alkaline phosphatase activity were determined on both kinds of scaffolds.

Bio-origami hydrogel scaffolds composed of photocrosslinked PEG bilayers.

We describe the self-folding of photopatterned poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel bilayers into curved and anatomically relevant micrometer-scale geometries. The PEG bilayers consist of two different molecular weights (MWs) and are photocrosslinked en masse using conventional photolithography. Self-folding is driven by differential swelling of the two PEG bilayers in aqueous solutions.