Chronic dietary iron overload affects hepatic iron metabolism and cognitive behavior in Wistar rats.

Background: Iron accumulation in organs affects iron metabolism, leading to deleterious effects on the body. Previously, it was studied that high dietary iron in various forms and concentrations influences iron metabolism, resulting in iron accumulation in the liver and spleen and cognitive impairment. However, the actual mechanism and impact of long-term exposure to high dietary iron remain unknown.

Hyperthermia and doxorubicin release by Fol-LSMO nanoparticles induce apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells.

Studies on the anticancer effects of lanthanum strontium manganese oxide (LSMO) nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated hyperthermia at cellular and molecular levels are scarce. LSMO NPs conjugated with folic acid (Fol-LSMO NPs) were synthesized, followed by doxorubicin-loading (DoxFol-LSMO NPs), and their effects on breast cancer cells were investigated. Hyperthermia (45°C) and combination treatments exhibited the highest (∼95%) anticancer activity with increased oxidative stress.

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Tetrastigma sulcatum leaf extract, pure compound and its derivatives.

The severity and perseverance of inflammation have been demonstrated in many health conditions. The limitations of existing medications suggest the need for new alternative anti-inflammatory medications. In our earlier studies, we demonstrated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of the crude ethanolic extract of Tetrastigma sulcatum leaves and its fractions.

Tinospora cordifolia protects against inflammation associated anemia by modulating inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin expression in male Wistar rats.

Systemic iron homeostasis dysregulation is primarily associated with inflammation- associated anemia (AI) due to hepcidin up-regulation. Tinospora cordifolia (TC) has shown remarkable anti-inflammatory properties and has been found useful in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, the effects and mechanisms of TC on AI have not been studied yet.

Antioxidant-antibacterial containing bi-layer scaffolds as potential candidates for management of oxidative stress and infections in wound healing.

Tissue engineering techniques are continuously evolving towards providing better microenvironment along with therapeutic potential to address the skin tissue defects. Factors such as microbial infections, presence of excessive free radicals and depletion in antioxidant based scavenging systems pose serious challenges by prolonging inflammation and delaying the repair process. Incorporation of bioactive molecules in polymer based biomimetic scaffolds may present new vistas for handling chronic wounds.

Carbon nanospheres mediated nuclear delivery of SMAR1 protein (DNA binding domain) controls breast tumor in mice model.

Aim: To investigate anticancer activity of the DNA binding domain of SMAR1 (His 5) in vitro and in vivo.

Materials & Methods: His 5 was conjugated to hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanospheres (CNs). Anticancer activity of CNs-His 5 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro and in vivo studies of a novel bacterial cellulose-based acellular bilayer nanocomposite scaffold for the repair of osteochondral defects.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a naturally occurring nanofibrous biomaterial which exhibits unique physical properties and is amenable to chemical modifications. To explore whether this versatile material can be used in the treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD), we developed and characterized novel BC-based nanocomposite scaffolds, for example, BC-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) and BC-glycosaminoglycans (BC-GAG) that mimic bone and cartilage, respectively. In vitro biocompatibility of BC-HA and BC-GAG scaffolds was established using osteosarcoma cells, human articular chondrocytes, and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Therapeutic efficacy of multipotent adult progenitor cells versus mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Aim: In this study, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells (mMAPCs) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, and compared it with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs).

Materials & Methods: We administered PKH26-labeled mMAPC and mMSC into EAE mice and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy.

Results: The mMAPC-treated mice in comparison with the mMSC group exhibited a higher suppression of EAE (p < 0.

Fetal Kidney Cells Can Ameliorate Ischemic Acute Renal Failure in Rats through Their Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Oxidative Effects.

Fetal kidney cells may contain multiple populations of kidney stem cells and thus appear to be a suitable cellular therapy for the treatment of acute renal failure (ARF) but their biological characteristics and therapeutic potential have not been adequately explored. We have culture expanded fetal kidney cells derived from rat fetal kidneys, characterized them and evaluated their therapeutic effect in an ischemia reperfusion (IR) induced rat model of ARF. The fetal kidney cells grew in culture as adherent spindle shaped/polygonal cells and expressed CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD24 and CD133 markers.

Fetal kidney stem cells ameliorate cisplatin induced acute renal failure and promote renal angiogenesis.

Aim: To investigate whether fetal kidney stem cells (fKSC) ameliorate cisplatin induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats and promote renal angiogenesis.

Methods: The fKSC were isolated from rat fetuses of gestation day 16 and expanded in vitro up to 3(rd) passage. They were characterized for the expression of mesenchymal and renal progenitor markers by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, respectively.

Chromatin-associated proteins HMGB1/2 and PDIA3 trigger cellular response to chemotherapy-induced DNA damage.

The identification of new molecular components of the DNA damage signaling cascade opens novel avenues to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. High-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA damage sensor responsive to the incorporation of nonnatural nucleosides into DNA; several nuclear and cytosolic proteins are functionally integrated with HMGB1 in the context of DNA damage response. The functional role of HMGB1 and HMGB1-associated proteins (high-mobility group protein B2, HMGB2; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH; protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3, PDIA3; and heat shock 70 kDa protein 8, HSPA8) in DNA damage response was assessed in human carcinoma cells A549 and UO31 by transient knockdown with short interfering RNAs.

Subchronic exposure to a mixture of groundwater-contaminating metals through drinking water induces oxidative stress in male rats.

The current study examines the oxidative stress-inducing potential of a mixture of metals, representative of groundwater contamination in different areas of India. Male albino rats were exposed to the mixture through drinking water for 90 days at 0, 1, 10 and 100 times the mode concentrations of the metals in contaminated waters and at concentrations equal to their WHO maximum permissible limit (MPL) in drinking water. The endpoints evaluated were lipid peroxidation (LPO), GSH content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in heart, liver, kidney and brain.

Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy and modulation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in rats.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in peripheral neuropathy and behavioural pain responses in experimentally induced chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve of rat. Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administered intraperitoneally, was also investigated on CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats.

Methods: Neuropathy was induced by CCI of the right sciatic nerve in ketamine anaesthetized rats.

Synergistic anti-inflammatory interaction between meloxicam and aminoguanidine hydrochloride in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats.

Interaction studies with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor have been conducted to assess the nature of interaction and the possible therapeutic advantage. The interaction between meloxicam--a selective COX-2 inhibitor--and aminoguanidine hydrochloride--a selective iNOS inhibitor-- was examined in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Appropriate statistical method was applied to detect the nature of anti-inflammatory interaction.