Sharp decline in male fertility in F2 hybrids of the female-heterogametic silk moth Bombyx.

Sexual selection drives rapid evolution of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits, especially in males, and it may also drive the rapid evolution of hybrid male sterility. Indeed, the faster male theory of speciation was once viewed as a major cause of Haldane's rule in male-heterogametic XY taxa, but is increasingly being replaced by the genetic conflict hypothesis partly because it cannot explain the faster evolution of hybrid female sterility in female-heterogametic ZW taxa. The theory nonetheless predicts that there should be more genes for hybrid male sterility than for hybrid female sterility even in such taxa, but this remains untested.

Synthesis of Polycyclic Arenes Composed of Four-, Five-, Six-, and Eight-Membered Rings via an Unexpected Four-Membered Ring Formation Reaction.

The synthesis of polycyclic arenes composed of four-, five-, six-, and eight-membered rings via an unexpected four-membered ring formation reaction is reported. The carbonylation of an octalithiated tetraphenylene yielded a tricarbonylated arene containing a four-membered ring or a tetracarbonylated one, depending on the carbonyl reagents. The structures were determined by X-ray crystallography, and their electronic properties were examined by using absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.

Synthesis of penta- and hexa(3,4-thienylene): size-dependent structural properties of cyclic oligothiophenes.

Penta- and hexa(3,4-thienylene)s were synthesized as a potential precursor for thiophene-containing polyarenes, and the structures were determined X-ray crystallography. The interconversion of thiophene rings is fast in penta(3,4-thienylene), and slow in hexa(3,4-thienylene) reflecting the activation energy for enantiomerization. Size-dependent bathochromic shifts were observed in UV-vis absorption spectra.

Ringlike Peripheral Increased Iodine Concentration for the Differentiation of Primary Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Metastases on Contrast-Enhanced Dual-Energy CT.

Differentiation of primary lung cancers and pulmonary metastases may present a diagnostic dilemma given overlapping CT findings. The purpose of this study was to compare the utility of ringlike peripheral increased iodine concentration and conventional findings for differentiating primary lung cancers from pulmonary metastases on dual-energy CT (DECT). This retrospective study included 93 patients (64 men, 29 women; median age, 70 years) who underwent resection of a primary lung cancer ( = 68) or pulmonary metastasis ( = 25) corresponding to a solid lesion on preoperative contrast-enhanced DECT performed between April 2020 and March 2021.

Pseudocirrhosis caused by lung adenocarcinoma with diffuse liver metastasis: An autopsy case report.

We describe a rare case of a 64-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma with lymph node and bone metastases who developed pseudocirrhosis. Initial examination revealed a hepatic disorder of unknown cause with narrowing of the portal vein and a low-density area surrounding the portal veins in computed tomography (CT) imaging. Diffuse liver metastasis was diagnosed after percutaneous liver biopsy.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation with metal allergy.

We present a rare case of single pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) with multiple metal allergies, including for platinum. A 47-year-old woman presented to our hospital without any symptoms. Enhanced computed tomography showed a single PAVM in S6 of the right lung.

Spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations caused by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a case report.

Spontaneous pneumothorax occurring in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) caused by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is extremely rare. We report a case of spontaneous pneumothorax in a PAVM patient. A 26-year-old man with previously diagnosed HHT and multiple small PAVMs presented with chest pain and dyspnea and was referred to our hospital.

Overexpression of Swedish mutant APP in aged astrocytes attenuates excitatory synaptic transmission.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a type I transmembrane protein, has different aspects, namely, performs essential physiological functions and produces β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Overexpression of neuronal APP is responsible for synaptic dysfunction. In the central nervous system, astrocytes - a major glial cell type - have an important role in the regulation of synaptic transmission.

Percutaneous image-guided biopsy for non-mass-forming isolated splenomegaly and suspected malignant lymphoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, safety, and role of splenic biopsy in the management of patients with non-mass-forming isolated splenomegaly and suspected malignant lymphoma.

Methods: Between 2001 and 2013, 137 biopsies were performed under computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopic guidance in 39 patients. All patients had splenomegaly based on the CT findings and a suspected diagnosis of malignant lymphoma based on their clinical symptoms.

Chronic contained rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (CCR-AAA) with massive vertebral bone erosion: computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings.

A 62-year-old male presented with sudden onset of low back and right leg pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), along with a large mass lesion causing vertebral body erosion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested that the mass lesion consisted of a chronic hematoma.

Perfusion evaluation of lung cancer: assessment using dual-input perfusion computed tomography.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of separately evaluating bronchial (BAP) and pulmonary arterial perfusion (PAP) of lung cancers using dual-input perfusion computed tomography.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine lesions from 28 patients [19 men and 9 women; age, 65.8±11.

¹⁸F-FAMT in patients with multiple myeloma: clinical utility compared to ¹⁸F-FDG.

Objective: L-[3-(18)F]-alpha-methyltyrosine ((18)F-FAMT) is an amino-acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET), with uptake related to overexpression of L-type amino-acid transporter 1 and proliferative activity in tumour cells. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of (18)F-FAMT PET compared with 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) PET in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods: Eleven patients with MM (newly diagnosed, n = 3; relapsed after treatment, n = 8) underwent whole-body (18)F-FAMT and (18)F-FDG PET within a 2-week interval.

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome after carboplatin and paclitaxel regimen for lung cancer.

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is uncommon neurological syndrome that is characterized by specific clinical and radiologic findings. Previous reported associations of RPLS include hypertension, eclampsia, renal impairment and drugs. Prompt diagnosis and therapy is critical to ensure resolution of the neurological disability.

Contrast- and non-contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) findings of hepatic metastasis from malignant pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.

Purpose: To evaluate the findings of hepatic metastases from malignant pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma on non-contrast-enhanced and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) and compare them with other imaging modalities.

Subjects And Methods: US was performed on eight patients with 65 hepatic metastases. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT), meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine scintigraphy ((123)I-MIBG), and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) were also performed.

Hypertensive crisis due to contrast-enhanced computed tomography in a patient with malignant pheochromocytoma.

A 63-year-old man underwent computed tomography (CT) using intravenous low-osmolar iodine contrast medium (LOCM) 6 days after undergoing high-dose (131)I-MIBG therapy for metastatic pheochromocytoma. Immediately after the CT examination, his blood pressure increased to 260/160 mmHg (from 179/101 mmHg before the examination). Phentolamine mesilate was administered, and the blood pressure rapidly went back to normal.

Chitinase gene expression in response to environmental stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana: chitinase inhibitor allosamidin enhances stress tolerance.

The expression levels of three chitinase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtChiA (class III), AtChiB (class I), and AtChiV (class IV), were examined under various stress conditions by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Under normal growth conditions, the AtChiB and AtChiV genes were expressed in most organs of Arabidopsis plants at all growth stages, whereas the AtChiA gene was not expressed at all. The class III AtChiA gene was expressed exclusively when the plants were exposed to environmental stresses, especially to salt and wound stresses.

Usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in biliary structures in infants: a four-case report.

In this paper, we report the usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in excluding biliary atresia (BA) as the cause of neonatal cholestasis. MRCP with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging unit was performed on four jaundiced neonates and infants aged from 38 days to 106 days.

Insect antifeedant activity of flavones and chromones against Spodoptera litura.

The antifeedant polymethylated flavones 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,4'-heptamethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, and 5,6-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone have been isolated from the cudweed, Gnaphalium affine D. Don (Compositae). These flavonoids and authentic analogues showed insect antifeedant activity against the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura F.