Impact of patient's financial burden of COVID-19 treatment on antiviral prescription rates and clinical and economic outcomes.

Background: In Japan, medical expenses for COVID-19 treatment transitioned from full public funding support to out-of-pocket (OOP) payment by patients plus partial public support in October 2023, and public support fully ended in March 2024. This study evaluated the clinical and economic impacts of initiating OOP payments.

Research Design And Methods: To assess the impact on prescription rates, we compared the prescription rates of antivirals from the 4-month pre- to post-OOP payment initiation period using a claims database.

Expression of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in three cases of canine lymphoma showing drug resistance.

In canine lymphoma, drug resistance is the major factor hindering treatment. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical examination of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), which are considered as transporters related to multidrug resistance in three recurrent canine lymphomas. All cases were negative for both transporters before anticancer drug administration, but became positive after this administration.