Basal Cell Carcinoma in Cases with or without Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of cancer in humans and comprises the vast majority of skin cancers. It predominantly affects fair-skinned individuals, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. The objective of the study is to identify the epidemiology, its topography and different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma in patients with or without Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis - antibiotic susceptibility and resistance to commercially available topical antibiotics in Nepal.

Introduction: There is a shifting trend in susceptibility and resistance of the bacteria towards available antibiotics in the last decade. Therefore, periodic studies to monitor the emerging trends in antibiotic susceptibility and resistance are crucial in guiding antibiotic selection.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the most common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis, and to find the in vitro susceptibility and resistance of these pathogens to commercially available topical antibiotic eye drops in Nepal.

Biomass stoves and lens opacity and cataract in Nepalese women.

Purpose: Cataract is the most prevalent cause of blindness in Nepal. Several epidemiologic studies have associated cataracts with use of biomass cookstoves. These studies, however, have had limitations, including potential control selection bias and limited adjustment for possible confounding.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

A 48-year-old man presented with proptosis of the left eye, which on excisional biopsy proved to be primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The lesion was excised radically by a limited frontotemporo-orbitozygomatic approach and any further surgeries, such as exenteration, were avoided in view of the patient's wish to preserve the eye and vision. Long-term follow-up is planned to look for any metastasis or recurrence of the tumour.

Spontaneous resolution of grade 2 macular hole observed with optical coherence tomography.

A 56-year-old woman presented with decreased vision and metamorphopsia in her left eye for 3 months. She received a diagnosis of stage 2 idiopathic macular hole in her left eye, which was made with a tomographic image of a full-thickness dehiscence of the neurosensory retina at the fovea. The posterior hyaloid membrane was adhering to the edge of the dehiscence.

First reported cases of gyrate atrophy of the choroid from Nepal.

Two sisters previously diagnosed as having retinitis pigmentosa presented with complaints of frequent change of glasses. On ocular examination, the fundus showed the appearance of confluent arcuate equatorial full thickness lesions of the choroid and retina, sparing some of the large choroidal vessels, and separated from one another by thin margins of pigment, in both the sisters. Serum analysis was done for ornithine levels, which showed hyperornithinaemia (741 and 462 µmol/l in the elder and younger sister, respectively) consistent with gyrate atrophy (GA) of the choroid.

Atypical presentation and diagnostic pitfalls: a case of rapidly progressive bilateral proptosis in a child aged 18 months.

We report an atypical presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a child aged 18 months who presented with rapidly progressive bilateral proptosis. Computerized search using Medline did not reveal a similar presentation of NHL in such a young child. It stresses the need for an early histopathological study including immunohistochemistry and demonstrates the dramatic local response to combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy even in advanced stages without any ocular side-effects.