Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of catechol derivatives and biflavonoid isolated from seeds.

Linn. ( Anacardiaceae), commonly known marking nuts has been used in various traditional system of medicines for various ailments (such as antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic etc) since ancient times.Based on the wide pharmacological activities of this plant, the present study was aimed to explore the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic potential in high fat diet fed rats using catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid isolated from seeds of .

Antioxidant potential of biflavonoid attenuates hyperglycemia by modulating the carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in high fat diet/streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

The present study was to isolate the biflavonoid (a bimolecular kaemferol structured molecule) and test its efficacy on oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in control and high fat diet and streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by feeding them with high fat diet comprising of 84.3% standard laboratory chow, 5% lard, 10% yolk powder, cholesterol 0.

Acyclic Isoprenoid Attenuates Lipid Anomalies and Inflammatory Changes in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.

The present study was aimed to explore the antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect of acyclic isoprenoid on high fat diet fed rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by the diet comprising of the normal rat chow 84.3%, lard 5%, yolk powder 10%, cholesterol 0.

Acute and sub acute studies of catechol derivatives from .

The present study was aimed at evaluating the acute and subacute toxicity of catechol derivatives (I-IV, isolated from S nuts) in Wistar Albino rats. In acute study (14 days), catechol derivatives I-IV 800 mg/kg caused no behavioral adverse effects and mortality. Fifty percent (LD) of mortality was observed in catechol derivatives I-III (1600 mg/kg b.

Effect of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone on glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of tangeretin on the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in control and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The daily oral administration of tangeretin (100mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of tangeretin.

Phytochemical analysis and anticancer capacity of Shemamruthaa, a herbal formulation against DMBA- induced mammary carcinoma in rats.

Objective: To investigate the bioactive constituents of Shemamruthaa (SM), a herbal combination and its therapeutic effects on the mitochondrial functions with reference to lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant status, citric acid cycle enzymes and electron transport chain enzymes in mammary tissues of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinoma in rat model.

Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study and were divided into four groups. Group I served as control and Group II rats were induced mammary carcinoma by administration of DMBA (25 mg/kg b.

Effect of iridoid glucoside on plasma lipid profile, tissue fatty acid changes, inflammatory cytokines, and GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidaemic potential of iridoid glucoside isolated from Vitex negundo leaves in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, lipoproteins, free fatty acids, phospholipids, fatty acid composition, proinflammatory cytokines, muscle glycogen content, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression were estimated in control and diabetic rats. Oral administration of iridoid glucoside at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight per day to STZ-induced diabetic rats for a period of 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in plasma and tissue (liver and kidney) cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids.

Modulatory effect of green tea extract on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin and high fat diet induced diabetic rats.

The study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of green tea extract on carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in control and streptozotocin high fat diet -induced diabetic rats. The daily oral treatment of green tea extract (300 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of green tea extract.

Hypolipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium in high cholesterol fed hypercholesterolemic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn nut milk extract (SA) in high cholesterol fed hyperlipidemic rat model. METHODS: Rats were divided into four groups which included control animals, hypercholesterolemic animals, hypercholesterolemic animals treated with SA (200 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil), and drug control rats. Lipid levels in serum and liver, and lipid metabolising enzymes were determined after treatment.

Protective role of 20-OH ecdysone on lipid profile and tissue fatty acid changes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. The association of hyperglycemia with an alteration of lipid parameters presents a major risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetes. The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidemic effect of 20-OH ecdysone on lipid profile and tissue fatty acid changes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Anti-inflammatory property of Kalpaamruthaa on myocardium in type 2 diabetes mellitus induced cardiovascular complication.

Efficacy of Kalpaamruthaa (KA) on the modulation of inflammatory markers in cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in experimental rats has been investigated in this study. Oxidative stress in hyperglycemia develops CVD by increasing the inflammatory markers. Administration of KA reduced the blood glucose level towards baseline in rats with diabetes induced CVD.

Efficacy of 20-OH-ecdysone on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of 20-OH-ecdysone on glucose metabolic key enzymes in control and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. On oral administration of 20-OH-ecdysone at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight per day to diabetic rats for 30 days resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and an increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. Administration of 20-OH-ecdysone showed significant increase in the levels of glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase) and hepatic shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) whereas significant decrease in the levels of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) in diabetic treated rats.

Mitigation of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in experimental rats by antiangiogenic property of Kalpaamruthaa.

Extra cellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM) are important layers that regulate cell structure, cell migration, and cellular proliferation. Degradation of both ECM and BM mediated by proteases favors the tumor invasion and promotes angiogenesis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180 ± 10 g were categorized into 6 groups.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium in a high fat diet: STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rat model.

Introduction: Semecarpus anacardium, known as marking nut, has been used in indigenous system of medicine against various ailments.

Aim: To evaluate the antilipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect of S. anacardium Linn.

Antihyperglycemic effect of iridoid glucoside, isolated from the leaves of Vitex negundo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with special reference to glycoprotein components.

The aim of present study was to isolate an iridoid glucoside from the leaves of Vitex negundo and evaluates its effects on dearrangement in plasma and tissues glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The levels of blood glucose, plasma and tissues glycoproteins such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid were significantly increased whereas plasma insulin levels were significantly decreased in diabetic rats. On oral administration of iridoid glucoside at a concentration of 50 mg/kg b.

Effect of iridoid glucoside on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolic enzymes.

Vitex negundo is a medicinal plant used to treat many ailments. An active compound of iridoid glucoside was isolated from V. negundo leaves and its efficacy was investigated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with special reference to carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.

Hypolipidemic activity of Semecarpus anacardium in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Alterations in lipid metabolism and lipoprotein disturbances have played an important role in increasing the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetes. A drug that has hypoglycemic activity can be used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia also. The present study was carried out to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of Semecarpus anacardium.

Antiangiogenic and hypolipidemic activity of coenzyme Q10 supplementation to breast cancer patients undergoing Tamoxifen therapy.

Tamoxifen, a non-steroidal anti-estrogen is now widely used and has led to an increase in both disease-free and overall survival of women after primary surgery. Tamoxifen therapy is found to cause hypertriglyceridemia by reducing activity of lipolytic enzymes on triglycerides, and thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Angiogenesis promotes local tumour progression and invasion and enables tumour cell dissemination and metastasis formation.

Effect of Coenzyme Q(10), Riboflavin and Niacin on Tamoxifen treated postmenopausal breast cancer women with special reference to blood chemistry profiles.

Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) a non-steroidal antiestrogen, is widely used in adjuvant therapy for all stages of breast carcinomas and in chemoprevention of high-risk group. TAM also has estrogenic activity on liver and endometrium causing severe oxidative stress with various biochemical derangements. Coenzyme Q(10), Riboflavin and Niacin (CoRN) are well-known potent antioxidants and protective agents against many diseases including cancer.

Anti-angiogenic potential of CoenzymeQ10, riboflavin and niacin in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy.

Tumour angiogenesis is a complex mechanism consisting of multi-step events including secretion or activation of angiogenic factors by tumour cells, activation of proteolytic enzymes, proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Both primary and metastatic tumours in the breast are dependent on angiogenesis. In the present study, 84 breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of CoQ(10) 100 mg, riboflavin 10 mg and niacin 50 mg (CoRN), one dosage per day along with tamoxifen (TAM) 10 mg twice a day.

Co-enzyme Q10, riboflavin and niacin supplementation on alteration of DNA repair enzyme and DNA methylation in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy.

In the present study, eighty-four breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of 100 mg co-enzyme Q10, 10 mg riboflavin and 50 mg niacin (CoRN), one dosage per d along with 10 mg tamoxifen twice per d. A significant increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase levels and disappearance of RASSF1A DNA methylation patterns were found in patients treated with supplement therapy along with tamoxifen compared to untreated breast cancer patients and tamoxifen alone-treated patients. An increase in DNA repair enzymes and disappearance of DNA methylation patterns attributes to reduction in tumour burden and may suggest good prognosis and efficacy of the treatment.

Restoration of energy metabolism in leukemic mice treated by a siddha drug--Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal disorder characterized by proliferation of hematopoietic cells that possess the BCR-ABL fusion gene resulting in the production of a 210 kDa chimeric tyrosine kinase protein. CML, when left untreated, progresses to a blast phase during which the disease turns aggressive and shows poor response to known treatment regimens. We have studied a Siddha herbal agent, Semecarpus anacardium Linn.

Augmented antioxidant status in Tamoxifen treated postmenopausal women with breast cancer on co-administration with Coenzyme Q10, Niacin and Riboflavin.

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl radical have been implicated in pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer and metastasis. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug most widely used as an adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer. TAM also has estrogenic activity on liver and endometrium causing severe oxidative stress and hypertriglycerdemia.

Restorative and synergistic efficacy of Kalpaamruthaa, a modified Siddha preparation, on an altered antioxidant status in adjuvant induced arthritic rat model.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent and debilitating disease that affects the joints. Infiltration of blood-derived cells in the affected joints upon activation generate reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, resulting in an oxidative stress. One approach to counteract this oxidative stress is the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents.

Apoptotic effect of Semecarpus anacardium nut extract on T47D breast cancer cell line.

There is an increasing interest in identifying potent cancer-preventive and therapeutic agents against breast cancer. A great number of reports have in recent years dealt with anticancer characteristics of Semecarpus anacardium nut extract (SA). The majority of these studies has been targeted on the protective effect rendered to the living system rather than the preventive effect on cancer cells.