Exploring Occupational Health Challenges in Pathology: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Indian Pathologists.

Introduction Occupational health hazards are a significant concern for pathologists due to their unique work environment. These professionals face risks from prolonged microscope use, exposure to chemicals such as formalin, and handling sharp instruments, leading to issues such as musculoskeletal disorders and needlestick injuries. Addressing these hazards is crucial for their well-being and the overall efficiency of medical diagnostics.

A Comparative Study of Sodium Alginate and Plasma Thrombin Cell Block in Diagnostic Cytopathology.

: Cell block is an indispensable supplement in the practice of cytopathology. The diagnostic utility of cytology specimens is significantly impacted by the capacity to generate sufficient cell blocks obtained from concentrated fluid samples or fine-needle aspiration specimens after routine processing. This routine processing involves getting directed passes to produce a cell block, especially if the cytopathologist believes additional immunocytochemical stains and/or molecular studies would be required.

Structure of a bacterial Rhs effector exported by the type VI secretion system.

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread protein export apparatus found in Gram-negative bacteria. The majority of T6SSs deliver toxic effector proteins into competitor bacteria. Yet, the structure, function, and activation of many of these effectors remains poorly understood.

Structural basis for effector transmembrane domain recognition by type VI secretion system chaperones.

Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) deliver antibacterial effector proteins between neighboring bacteria. Many effectors harbor N-terminal ransembrane omains (TMDs) implicated in effector translocation across target cell membranes. However, the distribution of these TMD-containing effectors remains unknown.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain: evaluation and treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, ulnocarpal impaction syndrome, and lunotriquetral ligament tears.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain is a common cause of upper extremity disability. Presentation can vary from acute traumatic injuries to chronic degenerative conditions. Because of its overlapping anatomy, complex differential diagnosis, and varied treatment outcomes, the ulnar side of the wrist has been referred to as the "black box" of the wrist, and its pathology has been compared with low back pain.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain: evaluation and treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, ulnocarpal impaction syndrome, and lunotriquetral ligament tears.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain is a common cause of upper-extremity disability. Presentation can vary from acute traumatic injuries to chronic degenerative conditions. Because of its overlapping anatomy, complex differential diagnosis, and varied treatment outcomes, the ulnar side of the wrist has been referred to as the "black box" of the wrist, and its pathology has been compared with that of low back pain.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain: diagnosis and treatment.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain has often been equated with low back pain because of its insidious onset, vague and chronic nature, intermittent symptoms, and frustration that it induces in patients. Chronic ulnar-sided wrist pain may be accompanied by a history of workers' compensation claims and unrelenting and irresolvable pain, and it may occur in patients with dfficult personalities. Despite these issues, many patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain have pathologic lesions that may be amenable to surgical treatment.

Flexor tendon repair and rehabilitation: state of the art in 2002.

Basic science and clinical investigation have advanced significantly the treatment and the outcome following intrasynovial flexor tendon repair and rehabilitation and reconstruction over the past 30 years. The application of modern multistrand suture repair techniques as well as postoperative rehabilitation protocols emphasizing the application of intrasynovial repair site excursion has led to a protocol for treatment of intrasynovial flexor tendon lacerations emphasizing a strong initial repair followed by the application of postoperative passive motion rehabilitation. Protocols for the reconstruction of failed initial treatment have likewise undergone modification given new findings on the biologic and clinical behavior of flexor tendon grafts.

Inhibition of Src kinases by a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor causes mitotic arrest.

src kinase activity is elevated in some human tumors, including breast and colon cancers. The precise cellular function of the src family kinases is not clearly understood, but they appear to be involved in numerous signaling pathways. We studied the effects of PD173955, a novel src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on cancer cell lines and found that it has significant antiproliferative activity due to a potent arrest of mitotic progression.

Acute and chronic effects of nicotine on anastomotic patency following ischemia/reperfusion.

The effect of nicotine on anastomotic patency was studied using an isogenic rat-knee transplantation model. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups, with experimental animals exposed to either 40 days of twice-daily nicotine injections (Group 1-chronic exposure) or acute nicotine exposure by graft perfusion (Group 2-acute exposure). Four and 6 hr warm ischemia times were studied.

Congenital radial head dislocations.

Congenital radial head dislocation is the most common congenital elbow abnormality. Patients generally remain asymptomatic until adolescence and, at that time, may benefit from radial head resection. Open reduction and ligament reconstruction may offer advantages over late radial head resection if performed before the age of 2 years.

Arthroscopic debridement alone for intercarpal ligament tears.

This study examined the role of arthroscopic debridement alone for complete and incomplete intercarpal ligament tears of the wrist. Forty-three wrists underwent arthroscopic evaluation for persistent wrist pain and were identified as having isolated scapholunate or lunotriquetral ligament tears treated by arthroscopic debridement alone of the torn ligament edges. At follow-up examination at an average of 27 months, 29 (66%) wrists having a complete scapholunate ligament tear and 36 (85%) wrists having a limited scapholunate ligament tear had either complete symptom resolution or improved symptomatology.

Isolated lung perfusion with melphalan for the treatment of metastatic pulmonary sarcoma.

Objective: Isolated lung perfusion allows the delivery of high-dose chemotherapy to the perfused lung and is an efficacious modality in the treatment of pulmonary metastases in the rat. Melphalan activity in this model was investigated.

Methods: TOXICITY STUDY: Maximum tolerated dose of melphalan delivered by means of isolated lung perfusion was determined by survival after contralateral pneumonectomy.

Electrodiagnostic testing and carpal tunnel release outcome.

This study examined the correlation of electrodiagnostic test results and symptom outcome after carpal tunnel release. After meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and failing conservative management, 167 patients (227 hands) underwent an open carpal tunnel release. Of 99 hands with a positive electromyographic/nerve conduction velocity study, 93 (93%) had resolved or improved symptoms.

Treatment of trigger finger in patients with diabetes mellitus.

We present a retrospective study of 54 diabetic patients with 121 trigger digits treated over a 3-year period by one to three injections of corticosteroid mixed with local anesthetic. As a group, diabetic patients responded less favorably to treatment by steroid injection (50% symptom resolution) when compared to reported outcomes of steroid injection treatment for stenosing tenosynovitis in the general population. Insulin-dependent diabetic patients have a higher incidence of multiple digit involvement (59% of patients) and of requiring surgical release for relief of symptoms (56% of digits) when compared to non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (28% of patients with multiple digit involvement; 28% of digits requiring surgery).

Soft tissue contractures about the elbow.

Hard and soft tissue injury to the elbow may be complicated by progressive secondary joint contracture. Motion-directed therapy often improves or eliminates elbow contracture if it is recognized early in treatment. Progressive soft tissue contracture, with or without the concomitant development of heterotopic ossification, is best treated by surgical release.

Radioulnar synostosis.

Radioulnar synostosis is a rare condition that exists in two forms: congenital and post-traumatic. Although both may involve either a bony or a fibrous union between the radius and ulna, they differ considerably in their etiologies, treatment, and prognosis. This article explores both of these conditions.

Conservative management of carpal tunnel syndrome: a reexamination of steroid injection and splinting.

The awareness of carpal tunnel syndrome by the lay public has increased dramatically in recent years, with an apparent shift in patient-population presentation. We prospectively studied steroid injection and wrist splinting in 76 hands in 57 patients, presenting without advanced disease or associated medical conditions, by standard evaluation and protocol of treatment. The average age of the patients was 38 years; 50 women and 7 men were included.

Glucocorticoids regulate the transcription of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase in cultured glial cells.

Utilizing a glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase cDNA clone from the rat glioma C6 cell line, we report that the glucocorticoid regulation of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase gene expression in glial cells occurs at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, our transcription results in vitro, as well as Northern blot analysis, show that the short-chain fatty acid, sodium butyrate, totally blocks this hydrocortisone-induced transcription of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, demonstrating that the site of action of this fatty acid resides in the cell nucleus. The C6 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase cDNA clone (pGPDH-1,1800 base pairs) used in these studies was selected from a C6 library generated from polysomal poly(A)+ RNA.

Regulation of mRNAs for three enzymes in the glial cell model C6 cell line.

In the glial cell line C6, regulation of actinomycin D (Act-D)-sensitive translatable polysomal mRNAs of three key enzymes--glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH; EC 1.1.1.