Mapping gentrification, segregation, rental cost burden and sexually transmitted infections in Atlanta, Georgia, 2005-2018.

Racial disparities in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States have been linked to social inequities. Gentrification instigates population-level shifts in housing markets and neighborhood racial/ethnic composition in ways that may impact the spatial distribution of STIs. This study assessed overlap in clusters of STIs, gentrification, social and economic disadvantage, and rental cost burden in Atlanta, Georgia, between 2005 and 2018.

Association of economic and racial segregation with restricted buprenorphine dispensing in U.S. community pharmacies.

Background: Timely and reliable dispensing of buprenorphine is critical to accessing treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Racial and ethnic inequities in OUD treatment access are well described, but it remains unclear if inequities persist at the point of dispensing.

Methods: We analyzed data from a U.

Medical Debt and the Mental Health Treatment Gap Among US Adults.

Importance: Medical debt is common in the US and may hinder timely access to care for mental disorders.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of medical debt among US adults with depression and anxiety and its association with delayed and forgone mental health care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional, nationally representative survey study of US adult participants in the 2022 National Health Interview Survey who had current or lifetime diagnoses of depression or anxiety.

Housing insecurity among black women surviving intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: an intersectional qualitative approach.

Background: Housing instability is highly prevalent among intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors, and the coupling consequences of structural racism, sexism, classism, and the COVID-19 pandemic, may create more barriers to safe and adequate housing, specifically for Black women IPV survivors. In particular, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to amplify disadvantages for Black women IPV survivors, yet very little research has acknowledged it. Therefore, the current study sought to assess the experiences of housing insecurity among Black women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) while navigating racism, sexism, and classism during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Estimation of place-based vulnerability scores for HIV viral non-suppression: an application leveraging data from a cohort of people with histories of using drugs.

The relationships between place (e.g., neighborhood) and HIV are commonly investigated.

Brief Report: Interruptions in HIV Prevention and Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Adults in the United States.

Background: Transgender and gender nonbinary (TNB) people have been disproportionately affected by HIV and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the prevalence of HIV prevention and treatment (HPT) interruptions during the pandemic and identified factors associated with these interruptions.

Setting: Data were drawn from LITE Connect, a US-based, nationwide, online, self-administered survey designed to examine the experiences of TNB adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Building health equity through housing policies: critical reflections and future directions for research.

Housing may be at once the most powerful and underused tool at our disposal to improve population health. Using examples from the USA, we argue that current levels of housing insecurity are the result of clear and inequitable policy choices, leading to the entrenchment of health inequities-particularly, across race and class. Solutions to housing insecurity must, therefore, be structural.

Variation in State-Level Eviction Moratorium Protections and Mental Health Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Although evictions have been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, it remains unclear which stages of the eviction process are associated with mental distress among renters. Variation in COVID-19 pandemic eviction protections across US states enables identification of intervention targets within the eviction process to improve renters' mental health.

Objective: To measure the association between the strength of eviction protections (ie, stages blocked by eviction moratoriums) and mental distress among renters during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Association Between Housing Insecurity, Psychological Distress, and Self-rated Health Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This survey study examines association of housing insecurity with psychological distress and self-rated health among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Expiring Eviction Moratoriums and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated economic crisis have placed millions of US households at risk of eviction. Evictions may accelerate COVID-19 transmission by decreasing individuals' ability to socially distance. We leveraged variation in the expiration of eviction moratoriums in US states to test for associations between evictions and COVID-19 incidence and mortality.

Public Support for Policies to Increase Housing Stability During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated longstanding housing precarity. This study measures the public support for policies designed to increase housing stability and gauges whether support levels are associated with views about the role of evictions in COVID-19 transmission and the existence of racial inequities in the housing market.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of U.

"People Don't Just Start Shooting Heroin on Their 18 Birthday": A Qualitative Study of Community Stakeholders' Perspectives on Adolescent Opioid Use and Opportunities for Intervention in Baltimore, Maryland.

Initiation of non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPO) during early adolescence is tightly linked to heroin and other drug use disorders and related sequelae in later adolescence and young adulthood. Few studies explore stakeholders' perspectives on the burden and determinants of youth opioid use and barriers and facilitators to engaging youth in opioid use prevention and treatment services in urban settings with longstanding opioid epidemics. In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 stakeholders representing health and social service agencies in Baltimore, Maryland from May 2018- February 2019, to examine their perspectives on the burden and context of adolescent opioid use and identify barriers and facilitators to preventing and responding to adolescent opioid use.

Characterizing profiles of polysubstance use among high school students in Baltimore, Maryland: A latent class analysis.

Background: Adolescent drug use has long term health consequences, like substance use disorders and psychiatric illnesses. Proximal health risks, especially for overdose, are amplified when multiple substances are combined. Existing literature on polysubstance use among adolescents has largely focused on alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, but has largely excluded other drugs like opioids.

Mortgage Discrimination and Racial/Ethnic Concentration Are Associated with Same-Race/Ethnicity Partnering among People Who Inject Drugs in 19 US Cities.

Racial/ethnic homophily in sexual partnerships (partners share the same race/ethnicity) has been associated with racial/ethnic disparities in HIV. Structural racism may partly determine racial/ethnic homophily in sexual partnerships. This study estimated associations of racial/ethnic concentration and mortgage discrimination against Black and Latino residents with racial/ethnic homophily in sexual partnerships among 7847 people who inject drugs (PWID) recruited from 19 US cities to participate in CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.

Heroin and nonmedical prescription opioid use among high school students in urban school districts.

Background: Research on adolescent heroin use has focused on national surveillance, access, prevalence of use, and overdose deaths, however, to our knowledge, no study has examined local-level differences in the prevalence of adolescent heroin use in the context of nonmedical prescription opioid (NMPO) use. This study characterizes heroin and NMPO use among US high school students in select urban areas by sex and race/ethnicity.

Methods: Data are from 21 urban school districts that participate in CDC's Local Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.

Housing Instability, Depression, and HIV Viral Load Among Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Atlanta, Georgia.

Housing instability is common among sexual minority youth. Research suggests that psychological distress, such as depression, may mediate the association between housing instability and poor HIV-related outcomes, but this hypothesis remains underexplored. Housing instability was assessed using two variables (residential moves in 6 months, and self-reported homelessness at any time since age 15 years).

Police violence among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.

Background: Police violence is a deleterious public health and criminal justice issue that disproportionately affects people who inject drugs (PWID). Studies documenting the prevalence and correlates of physical police violence in this population are rare. The aim of this study was to examine the correlates of past year physical police violence among an urban sample of PWID.

Identifying Which Place Characteristics are Associated with the Odds of Recent HIV Testing in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in 19 US Metropolitan Areas.

This exploratory analysis investigates relationships of place characteristics to HIV testing among people who inject drugs (PWID). We used CDC's 2012 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) data among PWID from 19 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs); we restricted the analytic sample to PWID self-reporting being HIV negative (N = 7477). Administrative data were analyzed to describe the 1.

Social causation and neighborhood selection underlie associations of neighborhood factors with illicit drug-using social networks and illicit drug use among adults relocated from public housing.

Theories of social causation and social influence, which posit that neighborhood and social network characteristics are distal causes of substance use, are frequently used to interpret associations among neighborhood characteristics, social network characteristics and substance use. These associations are also hypothesized to result from selection processes, in which substance use determines where people live and who they interact with. The potential for these competing selection mechanisms to co-occur has been underexplored among adults.

Associations of place characteristics with HIV and HCV risk behaviors among racial/ethnic groups of people who inject drugs in the United States.

Purpose: Investigate whether characteristics of geographic areas are associated with condomless sex and injection-related risk behavior among racial/ethnic groups of people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States.

Methods: PWID were recruited from 19 metropolitan statistical areas for 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. Administrative data described ZIP codes, counties, and metropolitan statistical areas where PWID lived.