[Hypnosis in transesophageal echocardiography. The experience in a Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Unit].

Background: The purpose of this study was to use hypnosis in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Methods: From January 2016 to July 2017, 50 adult patients undergoing TEE were randomly assigned to two groups: TEE in hypnosis (n = 23), TEE in sedation (n = 27). Vital parameters (heart rate [HR], blood pressure [BP], oxygen saturation [SO2] before, during and after the procedure) and drug administration were recorded.

[Informed consent in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery].

Background: A multidisciplinary study group was established to review and approve the informed consent froms in Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery.

Methods: The work was carried out in several stages, starting with an analysis of what was already in use in several Italian Centers. Subsequently, shared forms for pediatric cardiac surgery and interventional catheterization procedures were developed, pointing to clarity of information, prediction of therapeutic options, quantification for verbal categories of risk associated with cardiac surgery procedures, and provision of information also to young patients.

Morgagni's diaphragmatic hernia mimicking a severe congenital heart disease in a newborn: a case report.

Introduction: Morgagni's congenital diaphragmatic defect is a rare malformation, the diagnosis of which, as in our case report, may be problematic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this kind of hernia presenting with signs and symptoms of severe cardiac malformation.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a three-month-old Caucasian baby boy, who presented with heart failure and severe pulmonary hypertension.

Left ventricular giant rhabdomyoma in an infant with no tuberous sclerosis: accidental finding and complex management.

The accidental finding of a giant left ventricular rhabdomyoma in a female infant with no tuberous sclerosis is described herein. This is the first report of a huge cardiac rhabdomyoma occluding the left ventricular cavity, which was not associated with tuberous sclerosis. The clinical management of the baby and the difficult therapeutical choices involved both pediatricians and pediatric cardiologists.

Supraventricular tachycardia in neonates: antiarrhythmic drug choice dilemma.

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), being atrioventricular re-entry the underlying mechanism, is the most frequent tachyarrhythmia requiring a medical treatment in infants with no cardiac disease. The acute treatment of a single episode of SVT has generally an excellent prognosis. An antiarrhythmic prophylaxis of SVT recurrences is usually recommended during the first year of life.

Role of echocardiography on the evaluation of patent ductus arteriosus in newborns.

The echocardiogram is the preferred procedure in confirming the diagnosis and characterizing PDA. Doppler echocardiography proved more efficient than clinical examination in grading PDA and becomes essential in the evaluation of clinically significant ductal shunting. Four patterns of PDA shunt can be identified using pulsed Doppler echocardiography: pulmonary hypertension, growing pattern, pulsatile pattern, closing pattern.