Protective effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on hepatorenal syndrome in rats.

Background: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most prevalent form of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients. It is characterized by reduced renal blood flow and represents the most severe complication in cirrhotic patients with advanced disease. Previous research has indicated that antioxidants can delay the onset of a hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis and improve renal function in HRS patients.

Levels of biomarkers associated with subconcussive head hits in mixed martial arts fighters.

Background: Concussion and the damage resulting from this event related to brain function have been widely studied; however, little is known about subconcussive impacts, especially in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighters, which is a combat and full contact sport in which most blows are aimed at the head.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the biomarker levels associated with subconcussive hits to the head in MMA fighters.

Methods: This is an exploratory study in which 30 male subjects (10 MMA fighters, 10 healthy individuals who practice muscle training, and 10 healthy sedentary individuals) aged between 18 and 32 years (25.

Diet as an epigenetic factor in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has as a main characteristic the exacerbation of the immune system against enterocytes, compromising the individual's intestinal microbiota. This inflammatory cascade causes several nutritional deficiencies, which further compromise immunological functioning and, as a result, worsen the prognosis. This vicious cycle can be interrupted as the patient's dietary pattern meets their needs according to their clinical condition, acting directly on the inflammatory process of IBD through the interaction of food, intestinal microbiota, and epigenome.

Role of the phase angle in the prognosis of the cirrhotic patient: 15 years of follow-up.

Background: In 2019, cirrhosis accounted for 2.4% of global deaths. The projection for 2030 is an increase in this index.

Probiotic Supplementation, Hepatic Fibrosis, and the Microbiota Profile in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Promising results in improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been identified following probiotic (PRO) treatment.

Objectives: To evaluate PRO supplementation on hepatic fibrosis, inflammatory and metabolic markers, and gut microbiota in NASH patients.

Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 48 patients with NASH with a median age of 58 y and median BMI of 32.

Association between menopausal status and physical function: A systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Physical function is considered an important marker of adverse health outcomes. Postmenopausal women seem to have worse physical function, but conflicting results have been reported in the literature. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the association between menopausal status and physical function in community-dwelling women.

Relationship between Pain, Fear of Falling and Physical Performance in Older People Residents in Long-Stay Institutions: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To analyze the relationship between pain, the fear of falling and functional performance in older people living in a long-stay institution (LSI) in the interior of northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 133 older residents in an LSI in the State of Paraíba. The instruments used for data collection were the Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM), the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).

Relationship between phase angle, steatosis, and liver fibrosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus.

Background: Malnutrition, lipodystrophy, and dyslipidemia are prevalent characteristics in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with or without previous treatment. Such a clinical condition can lead to the hypothesis of the presence of hepatic steatosis with possible progression to fibrosis and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Notably, a low phase angle (PA), evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is an independent prognostic marker of clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery in Detecting Frailty and Prefrailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From the PRO-EVA Study.

Background And Purpose: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is widely used for older adults since it has a high level of validity, reliability, and responsiveness in measuring function in this population. However, only a few studies of diagnostic accuracy have assessed SPPB capacity in detecting frailty and prefrailty by estimating more detailed measurement properties. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy in detecting frailty and prefrailty, in addition to identifying cut-off points for walking time and chair stand time.

Melatonin restores zinc levels, activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, and modulates endoplasmic reticular stress and HSP in rats with chronic hepatotoxicity.

Background: Melatonin (MLT) is a potent antioxidant molecule that is shown to have a beneficial effect in various pathological situations, due to its action against free radicals.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of MLT on carbon tetrachloride (CCl) induced liver injury in rats in terms of oxidative stress, reticular stress, and cell damage.

Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were divided into four groups: Control rats, rats treated with MLT alone, rats treated with CCl alone, and rats treated with CCl plus MLT.

Mapping instruments for assessing and stratifying frailty among community-dwelling older people: a scoping review.

Objective: To map in the current literature instruments for the assessment and stratification of frailty in community-dwelling older people, as well as to analyse them from the perspective of the Brazilian context.

Design: Scoping review.

Study Selection: The selection of studies took place between March and April 2020.

Cut-off points to screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in Brazil.

Background: At a time when the world's population is aging, one of the most important challenges for the healthcare field is to control the decline of the musculoskeletal system. This decline consists of a reduction in muscle mass and function, which is called sarcopenia and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Although there has been an increase in the number of publications on sarcopenia and its consequences, the reported prevalence varies widely, since these depend on the characteristics of the population studied, the definitions found in the literature and the cut-off points adopted.

EVALUATION OF REST ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN PATIENTS WITH NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered a global public health problem, with changes in lifestyle being the effective way to treat the disease. To date, there is no recommended standard of assessment to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE) of patients with NAFLD, so that dietary therapy can be properly guided.

Objective: To evaluate the REE of patients with NAFLD through indirect calorimetry and compare with different predictive formulas of REE and with REE by electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA).

Resting energy expenditure in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with independent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies from 20% to 50%, is related to important complications and has a direct impact on the prognosis. Determination of the resting energy expenditure (REE) has become an important parameter in this population, as it allows therapeutic adjustments to recover their nutritional status. The REE in cirrhosis, with and without HCC, is not clearly defined, and requires the identification and definition of the best nutritional approach.

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis evaluates cellularity and hydration in cirrhotic patients.

Background: Malnutrition in cirrhotic patients is correlated with mortality and a better response to liver transplantation. However, recovery of the nutritional status in these patients is a challenge due to the difficulty in establishing a reliable nutritional diagnosis. The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) method appears as a feasible tool in clinical practice to define the physiological state of cirrhotic patients by assessing hydration and body cellularity.

MALNUTRITION IN CIRRHOSIS: ASSOCIATION WITH ETIOLOGY AND HEPATOCELLULAR DYSFUNCTION.

Background: The protein-energy malnutrition alters the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis. Its prevalence may vary according to the etiology of liver disease, it´s severity and the evaluation of the method applied. The infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcoholism are the main etiologies of cirrhosis and result in a significant morbidity and mortality.

Phase angle and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease before and after bariatric surgery.

Background: Obesity is a global health problem that is continuing to increase in the young population. In Brazil, the frequency of obesity in 2018 was 19.8%.

Fibromax and inflamatory markers cannot replace liver biopsy in the evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: To evaluate the performance of a non-invasive test (Fibromax™, Ferring Pharmaceutical, Saint-Prex, Switzerland) and inflamatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1) in the diagnosis and staging of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: Patients older than 18 years with steatosis were prospectively evaluated at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Liver biopsy, Fibromax™ test and inflamatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1) were performed.

Association between self-rated health and physical performance in middle-aged and older women from Northeast Brazil.

Background: Self-rated Health (SRH) is regarded as a simple and valid measure of a person's health status, given its association to adverse health outcomes, including low physical performance in older populations. However, studies investigating these associations in low- and middle-income settings are scarce, especially for middle-aged populations. Understanding the validity of SRH in relation to objective health measures in low-income populations could assist in decision making about health policy and strategies, especially in under-resourced settings.

Pediatric enteral nutrition therapy for burn victims: when should it be initiated?

Objective: To review the scientific evidence regarding the initiation of enteral nutrition in the pediatric burn population.

Methods: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing early enteral nutrition and late enteral nutrition in individuals aged 1 month to 18 years with burns. The MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the terms "burns", "fires", "child nutrition disorders", "nutritional support" and related terms.

Role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Objectives: Zinc deficiency has been associated with poor prognosis in chronic liver disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases.

Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception to August 2018.

Nutritional diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: what is the best method?

Introduction: malnutrition is a frequent finding among cancer patients. Despite its prognostic significance, there are still few studies evaluating the nutritional status of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objectives: to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with HCC by different methods.