"Females are always dominated and disregarded by males, just because they are female": the continuation of patriarchal norms for young trafficked women in Nepal.

This article provides insights into the cultural aspects of sexual violence against young women trafficked into the sex industry in Nepal. Participant observation, participatory clay body mapping workshops and group interviews using photography were used to explore the reproductive body of six formerly trafficked women aged 14-22 years. Intimate partner violence against women, domestic violence and violence against women were important issues raised during the research process.

Multiplicity of stigma: the experiences, fears and knowledge of young trafficked women in Nepal.

We undertook a reproductive health study on young formerly trafficked women in Nepal using a new research method - the Clay Embodiment Research Method - designed with their vulnerability and the cultural context in mind. Following a two-month period of participant observation, six formerly trafficked women participated in a series of seven themed (clay embodiment/three-dimensional body mapping) workshops and, afterward, a group interview using photoethnography. We discovered that these women are subject to cultural stigmas other than those related to sex trafficking, such as menstrual stigma, stigma related to pre-marital sex, stigma related to pregnancy before marriage and stigma for having a female child.