ReflACTION framework: A proposed model for implementation of clinical pharmacy services.

The implementation of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) has grown worldwide. However, few studies have used models and/or frameworks to facilitate the implementation process, especially in a low and middle-income countries. In addition, there are limitations in the ways that implementation frameworks are used.

Drug dispensing in public community pharmacies: evidence from the MedMinas project.

Background: Drug dispensing is a service provided by pharmacists to ensure the supply of medications and other health-related products. However, despite the importance of dispensing services, Public Community Pharmacies (PCP) in Brazil still focus on the control and distribution of medicines and supplies. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate how the pharmacists in charge conduct and the challenges they encounter in dispensing services in PCP.

Evaluation of pharmacist's practices regarding the antimicrobials dispensing: a simulated patient study.

Background: The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials is considered a major contributing factor to the increase in antimicrobial resistance. Community pharmacies are the main source of access to antimicrobials, and pharmacists are in a strategic position to promote rational use of these medicines. Therefore, it is important to know dispensing service quality.

Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance remains a major global public health concern, and antimicrobial dispensing in community pharmacies is an important factor in preventing this damage. However, the current literature focuses on the technical and attitudinal aspects related to antimicrobial dispensing, with little emphasis on the interventions provided in this service. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies.

Which factors may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies? A qualitative study.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Implementation of clinical pharmacy services, such as drug dispensing, is a complex process. It is necessary to understand the challenges associated with this practice from the perspective of the actors involved to help ensure optimal service provision. Thus, this study aimed to understand the factors that may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies, according to the perceptions of pharmacists.

Perception of community pharmacists about the work process of drug dispensing: a cross-sectional survey study.

Background: Drug dispensing aims to promote rational medicine use. However, in many countries, the work processes are still not well defined. In this sense, the perception of pharmacists about dispensing practices presents an overview of how the service is being performed in the country and its main challenges.

Correction: Brazilian version of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation among healthcare students.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Does drug dispensing improve the health outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies? A systematic review.

Background: Drug dispensing is a clinical pharmacy service that promotes access to medicines and their rational use. However, there is a lack of evidence for the impact of drug dispensing on patients' health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of drug dispensing on the clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies.

Communication Apprehension Among Health Professions Students in Brazil.

To determine the levels of communication apprehension experienced by health professions students in Brazil. A cross-sectional study of dentistry, pharmacy, medicine, and nursing students at a Brazilian university was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020. The students were invited to complete the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) and provide demographic data.

Brazilian version of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation among healthcare students.

Introduction: Communication apprehension (CA) refers to an individual's level of fear or anxiety toward either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) is the most widely used measure of CA, even among healthcare students.

Objective: This study aimed to undertake a cross-cultural adaptation of this scale, translate it into Brazilian Portuguese, and examine its psychometric properties among healthcare students.

Are Clinical Outcomes Associated With Medication Regimen Complexity? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Current evidence of the influence of the medication regimen complexity (MRC) on the patients' clinical outcomes are not conclusive. To systematically and analytically assess the association between MRC measured by the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) and clinical outcomes. A search was carried out in the databases Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Open Thesis, and Web of Science to identify studies evaluating the association between MRC and clinical outcomes that were published from January 1, 2004, to April 2, 2018.

Development and content validation of an instrument to document the dispensing of prescribed medicines.

What Is Known And Objective: Qualified dispensing is fundamental for the promotion of the rational use of medicines. Documentation is an indicator of quality and one of the essential steps in the care process. However, in Brazil, there are no models of clinical documentation applicable to dispensing practices.