Tension-free thyroidectomy (medial thyroidectomy)-a prospective study: surgical technique and results of 259 operations.

Background: Thyroid surgery is associated with a number of surgical complications including recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and hypoparathyroidism. The existing methods share the same principle-the mobilization of the thyroid from the lateral side. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a novel technique of thyroidectomy-tension-free thyroidectomy (TFT) based on the medial approach to the laryngeal nerves and parathyroid glands (PTGs).

Persistence of primary hyperparathyroidism: a single-center experience.

Background: Parathyroidectomy is the only definitive treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Precise localization of abnormal glands is a key to a successful surgery. Most patients are expected to be successfully treated with focused parathyroidectomy.

[Diagnostic value of ct in examination of patients with adrenal cancer].

Background: In most cases adrenal tumours are detected by accident while performing medical imaging tests for other diseases. These findings are treated as adrenal incidentaloma. Prevalence of incidentalomas detected on CT scans is up to 4%.

Tension-free thyroidectomy (TFT): initial report.

The safety of thyroid surgery in terms of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism has increased over the last decade. In this study, we present a new method of tension-free thyroidectomy (TFT), which could be used to further decrease the complication rate after a thyroidectomy. The procedure is based on the medial approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid glands after the division of the isthmus and successive complete dissection of Berry's ligament.

[Clinical and laboratory features of hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma].

The widespread introduction of genetic testing in recent years has made it possible to determine that more than a third of cases of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPPGs) are caused by germline mutations. Despite the variety of catecholamine-producing tumors manifestations, there is a sufficient number of clinical and laboratory landmarks that suggest a hereditary genesis of the disease and even a specific syndrome. These include a family history, age of patient, presence of concomitant conditions, and symptoms of the disease.

[Takayusu Arteritis on the background of congenital vascular anomaly?].

The article described a female patient with high-grade arterial hypertension diagnosed at her young age. Congenital abdominal aortic hyperplasia and conformity with criteria for Takayasu arteritis were diagnosed at 10 years following the clinical manifestation.

Parliaments and parliamentarism in the works of Soviet dissidents, 1960s-80s.

Drawing from (self-published) and (foreign-published) materials, this article traces the understandings of parliaments and parliamentarism in individual works by Soviet dissidents and reconstructs the authors' underlying assumptions in the application of the two ideas. It focuses on the articulations and the implications of four concepts pertaining to parliamentarism - deliberation, representation, responsibility, and sovereignty - in the dissidents' criticisms of Soviet 'parliamentarism' and their own parliamentary designs. Despite the consensus that the USSR Supreme Soviet was both a façade and pseudo parliament and the frequent appeals to popular sovereignty, only a handful of authors discussed parliamentarism as the latter's manifestation before the Perestroika.

[Computer-assisted monitoring systems. Use of computer networks and internet technologies].

The automated workplace (AWP) of anesthesiologist developed by the early 1990s provided data collection and processing, viewing of all monitors, and printing of anesthesiological chart (AC). AWP is a subject of continuous modification and adaptation to variable conditions. Computer monitoring including various measuring devises equipped with series interface RS-232 was implemented in Russian Research Center for Surgery.

[Changes in bioelectric activity and metabolism of the brain during surgery of the aorta under deep hypothermic arrest of circulation].

Bioelectric activity and metabolism of the brain were studied during surgery on the aorta with deep hypothermal arrest of circulation. The study included 9 patients (7 men and 2 women) aged 13 to 66 years. The mean duration of circulation arrest under deep hypothermia was 48.

[The surgical correction of traumatic deformities of the orbit in naso-fronto-orbito-cribriform fractures].

J. Raven's (1992) classification was used in the treatment of patients with multiple fractures of the face associated with contusions, brain concussions, and injuries to the skull vault and base. According to this classification, all injuries of the cerebral and facial skull are classified as types I, II, and subtype Ia.

[Personal computer-based computer monitoring system of the anesthesiologist (2-year experience in development and use)].

Creation of computer monitoring systems (CMS) for operating rooms is one of the most important spheres of personal computer employment in anesthesiology. The authors developed a PC RS/AT-based CMS and effectively used it for more than 2 years. This system permits comprehensive monitoring in cardiosurgical operations by real time processing the values of arterial and central venous pressure, pressure in the pulmonary artery, bioelectrical activity of the brain, and two temperature values.

[Anesthesia and brain protection in reconstructive surgery of brachiocephalic arteries].

Application of a shunt is not the principal factor preventing brain blood flow disorders in reconstructive surgery on the carotid arteries in conditions of general anesthesia with anesthetics of an antihypoxic action, reducing oxygen consumption by the brain, combined with adequate compensation of the circulating blood volume, moderate hemodilution, elevation of the systemic arterial pressure and heparin. The authors claim that even in patients with bilateral stenosis of the carotid arteries or with occlusion of one of these arteries surgery may be carried out without shunts or craniocerebral hypothermia. Still, they do not deny a bypass application, particularly by the surgeons who always use it, or in cases with a drastic inhibition of the brain electrical activity, evidenced by EEG, which they consider a sufficiently reliable indicator of the brain blood flow adequacy.