Podocyte cell cycle regulation and proliferation in collapsing glomerulopathies.

Background: Mature podocytes are growth-arrested because of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Under pathological conditions, podocytes may undergo mitosis, but not cell division. Exceptions to this rule are collapsing glomerulopathies (CGs), including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and idiopathic CG, where podocytes undergo a dysregulation of their differentiated phenotype and proliferate.

Fibrous long-spacing collagen in bacillary angiomatosis.

Fibrous long-spacing (FLS) collagen is a distinct ultrastructural form of collagen present in normal tissue, various tumors, and tissues degraded by bacterial collagenases in vivo and in vitro. An association between FLS collagen and bacillary angiomatosis has not been previously described. Six cases of bacillary angiomatosis, including one autopsy case with disseminated disease, were examined ultrastructurally.

Recurrent crescentic membranous nephropathy in two successive renal transplants: association with choroidal effusions and retinal detachment.

We report the case of a 50-year-old man in whom crescentic membranous nephropathy recurred in two successive renal transplants leading rapidly to renal failure. Deterioration of renal function was associated with choroidal effusions and retinal detachments. Multiple serologic tests were negative.

Analysis of adhesion molecule expression by tubular epithelial cells using urine immunocytology.

On their surface, renal tubular cells present intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) during acute renal allograft rejection. We propose that the extent of ICAM-1 expression by renal tubular cells can be estimated from urine immunocytology. To test this hypothesis, we obtained 52 samples of urine from 31 renal transplant recipients with either acute tubular necrosis, rejection or stable renal function.

Pharyngeal flap revisions: flap elevation from a scarred posterior pharynx.

Twenty-one consecutive patients who had earlier superiorly based pharyngeal flap surgery and persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency were seen between 1976 and 1991. Patients were divided into two treatment groups, depending on the results of videofluoroscopic and nasopharyngoscopic assessment. The first group consisted of 18 patients who had bilateral port insufficiency and required a complete reconstruction of a new superiorly based pharyngeal flap that was elevated from a scarred posterior pharyngeal wall.

Combined antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy in experimental glomerulonephritis.

We examined the interrelation between systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and progressive renal injury in experimental glomerulonephritis. Induction of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in Sprague-Dawley rats led to systemic hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Four groups of rats were studied over a 16-week period: (1) untreated nephritic rats; (2) nephritic rats treated with hydralazine, reserpine, and lasix (AH); (3) nephritic rats treated with lovastatin (4 mg/kg) (Lova); and (4) nephritic rats treated with combined antihypertensive/lipid-lowering therapy (AH/Lova).

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in lupus nephritis.

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels were measured and correlated prospectively with clinical, histologic and serologic findings over a 9-month period in 62 lupus patients. Initially, 39 patients had clinical nephritis and 23 patients did not have nephritis. The 62 lupus patients has significantly higher IL-2R than 15 normal controls, most of this difference attributable to patients with nephritis.

Superoxide dismutase: enhanced small intestinal preservation.

Injury from oxygen free radicals has been suggested to be of greater significance in the preservation of small intestine than of other organs. To determine if using the free radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution would improve preservation of small intestine, acute and chronic studies were conducted. Thirty-centimeter segments of small intestine from Lewis rats were flushed with and stored in Collins, UW, or SOD-modified (8000 U/ml) UW solution at 4 degrees C for 18 hr.

Effect of long-term normalization of serum complement levels on the course of lupus nephritis.

Purpose: We compared the long-term outcome of patients with lupus nephritis in whom normalization of complement levels (CH50) was sustained by adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy to those patients with persistently low complement levels despite similar immunosuppression in whom therapy was adjusted solely on the basis of clinical disease activity.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-nine female patients with lupus nephritis recruited from 1972 to 1979 were prospectively studied (mean follow-up, 116.7 +/- 11 months).

Angiotropic large cell lymphoma (intravascular malignant lymphomatosis) of the kidney: presentation as minimal change disease.

We report the first case of angiotropic large-cell lymphoma (intravascular malignant lymphomatosis) presenting as minimal change disease (MCD) and diagnosed by renal biopsy. Neoplastic lymphoid cells were disseminated throughout the glomerular capillary bed and were associated with diffuse foot process effacement. The tumor had the immunophenotype of a B cell lymphoma (reactive with LCA and L-26 and unreactive with FVIII-R-Ag, Leu-M-1, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, UCHL-1, Leu-22, kappa, and lambda).

Effects of dietary electrolyte supplementation on gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

The effects of electrolyte supplementation via drinking solutions on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were studied in rats. Four groups of animals were injected with gentamicin, 120 mg/kg daily for 5 days and were studied 2-4 days after the last injection. Electrolyte supplements were begun before the gentamicin injections and were continued throughout the study.

Evidence against increased glomerular pressure initiating diabetic nephropathy.

Studies were carried out to determine whether exaggerated glomerular hydraulic pressure (PG) initiates the development of glomerular pathology and proteinuria in insulin-dependent diabetic rats. Normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive rats (SHR) were made diabetic by streptozotocin injection. One group of SHR diabetic rats was treated with antihypertensive drugs to reduce blood pressure.

Recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1 in successive renal transplants.

We report a man who developed renal failure due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type 1 which recurred in two cadaveric kidney transplants. This is the third such case in the literature. Nephrotic syndrome developed within 1 month following transplantation and histologic evidence of disease recurrence was documented in both kidneys 2 months after transplantation.

The value of needle renal allograft biopsy. III. A prospective study.

Previous studies of the value of percutaneous renal transplant biopsy have been retrospective. We prospectively studied whether biopsy affected patient management. Thirty-five patients with elevated serum creatinine level underwent 44 biopsies in situations in which the diagnosis was in doubt.

Symptomatic sarcoidosis of the stomach.

A patient is presented here who had gastric sarcoidosis which was initially diagnosed as Menetrier's disease. The English medical literature comprises 19 cases with symptomatic gastric sarcoidosis, and these are reviewed. The clinical, roentgenographic, and endoscopic findings in gastric sarcoidosis are quite variable, but of the symptomatic patients, 75% present with pain and 25% with bleeding; surgery is required in 50% of patients, while of those treated with corticosteroids, 66% improve symptomatically.

Increased peritoneal permeability in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus.

Increased capillary permeability to small and large molecules has been demonstrated in several organs of human diabetics and in animal models of the disease. To assess the effects of diabetic microangiopathy on peritoneal clearances, peritoneal dialysis was performed in normal rats, rats with gentamicin-induced acute renal failure, and rats with mild and severe alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Peritoneal clearances of urea, inulin, and albumin were significantly increased in the severely diabetic rats compared with other groups.

The effect of continuous normalization of serum hemolytic complement on the course of lupus nephritis: a five year prospective study.

We have completed a five year prospective study of the effect of continuous normalization of serum hemolytic complement (CH50) in 25 patients with lupus nephritis. At the end of five years 22 patients were being actively followed; 13 in a CH50 controlled group and nine in a CH50 uncontrolled group. Serial renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 19 patients.

Adult Wilms tumor treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy: a case report.

A 24-year-old man underwent a left radical nephrectomy for a mass that was found to be a Wilms tumor. The postoperative course, consisting of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is discussed and the recent literature is reviewed.

The effect of normalization of serum complement and anti-DNA antibody on the course of lupus nephritis: a two year prospective study.

A prospective study was carried out in 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) on the effect of normalizing serum complement (CH50) and anti-DNA antibodies on the course of lupus nephritis. In 16 of the 25 patients, CH50 was maintained within the normal range for two years. Urinary protein excretion increased or remained low in all 16.