Shotgun metagenomic analysis reveals the emergence of plasmid-encoded mcr-5.1 gene in hospital wastewater in Bangladesh.

Colistin is considered the last line therapy for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in humans. Therefore, the spread of colistin resistance poses a serious threat to human, and environmental health. Though Bangladesh is known as a hotspot of AMR, limited studies have been carried out regarding the status of colistin resistance.

Genomic epidemiology of multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii in Bangladesh.

The rising frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections represents a significant public health challenge in Bangladesh. Genomic analysis of bacterial pathogens enhances surveillance and control efforts by providing insights into genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, and transmission dynamics. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of 82 whole-genome sequences (WGS) of A.

Phenotypic characterization and genomic analysis of a Salmonella phage L223 for biocontrol of Salmonella spp. in poultry.

The escalating incidence of foodborne salmonellosis poses a significant global threat to food safety and public health. As antibiotic resistance in Salmonella continues to rise, there is growing interest in bacteriophages as potential alternatives. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of lytic phage L223 in chicken meat.

Characterization of biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance among isolated from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Hospital wastewater has been identified as a hotspot for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that present a serious threat to public health. Therefore, we investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance as well as the phenotypic and genotypic basis of biofilm formation in from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The disc diffusion method and the crystal violet assay were performed to characterize antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, respectively.

A comprehensive immunoinformatic analysis of chitin deacetylase's and MP88 for designing multi-epitope vaccines against .

causes life-threatening pneumonia and meningitis and is regarded as one of the leading killers of immunocompromised individuals. There is currently no vaccine against this pathogen. Recently, WHO placed it at the top among the critical priority groups in the fungal priority pathogens to accelerate the development of effective treatments.

Use of Phages to Treat Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections in Poultry.

is one of the most common bacterial infections that impacts both human health and poultry production. Although antibiotics are usually recommended for treating infections, their misuse results in the evolution and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. To minimize the health and economic burdens associated with antimicrobial resistance, a novel antibacterial strategy that can obliterate pathogens without any adverse effects on humans and animals is urgently required.

Genome Sequence of Genotype 1A Hepatovirus A Isolated from Plasma from a Haitian Child.

Genotype 1A hepatovirus A was identified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and isolated from plasma from a Haitian child with acute undifferentiated febrile illness and malaise. The strain was most closely related to Brazilian strains, consistent with recognized patterns of virus movement in the Caribbean region.

Draft genome analysis of a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa CMPL223 from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause complicated infections in human. The emergence of ST664 of MDR P. aeruginosa has been reported in Nepal, Iran and China.

Assessment of foodborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in hens and eggs in Bangladesh.

Objectives: Salmonella is considered one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Information about the transmission of pathogens to poultry and poultry products is necessary to implement control measures for reducing both human exposure and economic loss. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the transmission characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis to laying-type hen flocks and their laid eggs.

Antibody response to the first dose of AZD1222 vaccine in COVID-19 convalescent and uninfected individuals in Bangladesh.

Background: Vaccination with the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222) initially started in the UK and quickly implemented around the Globe, including Bangladesh. Up to date, more than nine million doses administrated to the Bangladeshi public.

Method: Herein, we studied the antibody response to the first dose of AZD1222 in 86 Bangladeshi individuals using in-house ELISA kits.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Circulating Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C Strain Isolated from a Chronically Infected Patient Identified at an Outdoor Hospital in Bangladesh.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes significant global health problems despite the presence of a potential vaccine. HBV chronic cases are increasing rapidly in developing countries like Bangladesh. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an HBV genotype C strain isolated from a chronic patient identified at an outdoor hospital section.

Molecular analysis of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H1N1 pdm09) virus isolated from slum dwellers of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection associated with excessive hospitalizations and deaths throughout the world. Continuous antigenic shift and drift is not only responsible for this devastating effect of influenza but also causes ineffectiveness of antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of ribavirin, oseltamivir, and amantadine drugs in vitro against nine influenza A isolates collected during June 2012-August 2013 from different slums in Dhaka city.

Transmission of Infectious through Drinking Water among the Household Contacts of Cholera Patients (CHoBI7 Trial).

Recurrent cholera causes significant morbidity and mortality among the growing population of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Previous studies have demonstrated that household contacts of cholera patients are at >100 times higher risk of cholera during the week after the presentation of the index patient. Our prospective study investigated the mode of transmission of , the cause of cholera, in the households of cholera patients in Dhaka city.

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus isolated from Bangladesh.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly contagious and causes liver diseases. Globally more than 350 million people are chronically infected and among them above 80 % are from developing countries like Bangladesh. Resistance to existing drugs and vaccines are common phenomenon due to mutations in HBsAg 'a' determinant.

Effect of risk factors on the prevalence of influenza infections among children of slums of Dhaka city.

Background: Influenza viruses may cause severe acute respiratory illness among human population. People of densely populated areas, e.g.

ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF INFLUENZA B VIRUSES IN 2012 FROM SLUMS, DHAKA, BANGLADESH.

Nasal and throat swab samples were collected from 400 subjects with influenza-like illness during June to September, 2012 from two heavily crowded slums, Rayerbazar and Hazaribagh, situated southeast of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Forty-one samples were positive for influenza B virus using quantitative RT-PCR, but no influenza A virus was detected. Antigenic characterization revealed that the influenza B viruses were of Yamagata and Victoria lineages, which was confirmed from genetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes.

Effects of Risk Factors on Anti-HBs Development in Hepatitis B Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Populations.

Hepatitis B infection is still a major global health problem even though safe and effective vaccines have been available for more than 30 years. Although development of protective antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) is a common phenomenon after vaccination as well as natural infection, sometimes it does not appear even after complete vaccination. In the present study, whether the impairment of the development of anti-HBs in naturally infected and/or vaccinated populations is associated with immunomodulating risk factors (i.

Differences in lineage replacement dynamics of G1 and G2 rotavirus strains versus G9 strain over a period of 22 years in Bangladesh.

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) have been a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in Bangladesh, mainly in children below the age of five. At the icddr,b, RVA strains collection and characterization dates back for more than 20 years. This sample collection was used to study the molecular evolution of the VP7 gene of G1, G2 and G9 RVA strains, which have been circulating in Bangladesh for most of this study period.

Occurrence of urinary tract infection in adolescent and adult women of shanty town in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is commonly experienced by women of various age groups especially elderly ones. We planned to find out the prevalent microbial strains causing UTI in slum inhabitant adolescent and adult women in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

Methods And Materials: Urine sample was collected from 462 UTI suspected female subjects.

Antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava leaf and bark against multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae: implication for cholera control.

In clinical cholera, a 3-day course of antibiotic complements extensive rehydration therapy by reducing stool volume, shortening the illness, and averting death. However, antibiotic therapy, which has lifesaving implications for cholera, is often hindered due to multidrug resistance in Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera. Crude aqueous mixture and water soluble methanol extract from leaf and bark of Psidium guajava, a tropical fruit guava of the family Myrtaceae, showed strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant V.

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic environment of Bangladesh.

Pathogenic Escherichia coli remains important etiological agent of infantile diarrhea in Bangladesh. Previous studies have focused mostly on clinical strains, but very little is known about their presence in aquatic environments. The present study was designed to characterize potentially pathogenic E.

In vitro susceptibilities of Shigella flexneri and Streptococcus pyogenes to inner gel of Aloe barbadensis Miller.

Aloe barbadensis Miller (or Aloe vera) has widespread use in health products, and despite numerous reports on the whole plant, little work has been performed on the inner gel, which has been used extensively in these products. This report describes the in vitro susceptibilities of two bacteria to this component.