Liver Graft Machine Perfusion: From History Perspective to Modern Approaches in Transplant Surgery.

The shortage of donor organs remains an unresolved issue in livertransplantation worldwide. Consequently, strategies for expanding the donor pool are currently being developed. Donors meeting extended criteria undergo thorough evaluation, as livers obtained from marginal donors yield poorer outcomes in recipients, including exacerbated reperfusion injury, acute kidney injury, early graft dysfunction, and primary nonfunctioning graft.

The Impact of Treadmill Training on Tissue Integrity, Axon Growth, and Astrocyte Modulation.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a complex challenge in neurorehabilitation, demanding innovative therapeutic strategies to facilitate functional recovery. This study investigates the effects of treadmill training on SCI recovery, emphasizing motor function enhancement, neural tissue preservation, and axonal growth. Our research, conducted on a rat model, demonstrates that controlled treadmill exercises significantly improve motor functions post-SCI, as evidenced by improved scores on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and enhanced electromyography readings.

Is this how bromine spiropyran salt is converted to merocyanine under UV irradiation? A look through the prism of quantum chemical calculations.

The stability of merocyanine forms formed under UV irradiation of a solution of a spiropyran salt, in which an organic part acts as a cation and a compact bromide ion as an anion, their photophysical properties, and the formation mechanism are studied in this work using time-dependent density functional theory. Theoretical calculations show that TTC and CTT are the most stable open forms (the difference in stability energies is 10.5 and 12.

Comparative Analysis of Cytokine Profiles in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Serum in Patients with Acute and Subacute Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Cytokines are actively involved in the regulation of the inflammatory and immune responses and have crucial importance in the outcome of spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Examining more objective and representative indicators of the patient's condition is still required to reveal the fundamental patterns of the abovementioned posttraumatic processes, including the identification of changes in the expression of cytokines.

Methods: We performed a dynamic (3, 7, and 14 days post-injury (dpi)) extended multiplex analysis of cytokine profiles in both CSF and blood serum of SCI patients with baseline American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades of A.

Combined Approaches Leading to Synergistic Therapeutic Effects in Spinal Cord Injury: State of the Art.

Cell-based regenerative medicine approaches and motor rehabilitation are currently being used to overcome the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their success in preclinical studies does not always translate into successful implementation in clinical practice. Recent work suggests that modern neuromodulation approaches hold great therapeutic promise.

Distributed Polarizability Model for Covalently Bonded Fullerene Nanoaggregates: Origins of Polarizability Exaltation.

Polarizability exaltation is typical for (C) nanostructures. It relates to the ratio between the mean polarizabilities of (C) and C: the first one is higher than the -fold mean polarizability of the original fullerene. This phenomenon is used in the design of novel fullerene compounds and the understanding of its properties but still has no chemical rationalization.

A Comparative Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles' Local and Systemic Dose-Dependent Administration in Rat Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological condition that causes severe disability. One of the approaches to overcoming the complications of SCI is stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy. In this research, we performed a comparative evaluation of rat spinal cord post-traumatic regeneration efficacy using different methods of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV transplantation (local vs.

Molecular diagnostics in neurotrauma: Are there reliable biomarkers and effective methods for their detection?

To date, a large number of studies are being carried out in the field of neurotrauma, researchers not only establish the molecular mechanisms of the course of the disorders, but are also involved in the search for effective biomarkers for early prediction of the outcome and therapeutic intervention. Particular attention is paid to traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, due to the complex cascade of reactions in primary and secondary injury that affect pathophysiological processes and regenerative potential of the central nervous system. Despite a wide range of methods available methods to study biomarkers that correlate with the severity and degree of recovery in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, development of reliable test systems for clinical use continues.

Increasing Severity of Spinal Cord Injury Results in Microglia/Macrophages With Annular-Shaped Morphology and No Change in Expression of CD40 and Tumor Growth Factor-β During the Chronic Post-injury Stage.

Determination of the quantitative composition of phenotypically and morphologically different populations of resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages in spinal cord injury (SCI) of various degrees of severity could lead to much needed novel therapeutic interventions in neurotrauma. In this regard, we investigated the CD40 and TGF-β expressing populations of microglia/macrophages and their morphological states in a rat model of SCI of varying severity. We are the first to describe the annular-shaped microglia/macrophages, the morphology of which was formed due to the spatial orientation of the processes that form round or oval micro-territories, which include disintegrating myelin fibers.

Cellular and Molecular Gradients in the Ventral Horns With Increasing Distance From the Injury Site After Spinal Cord Contusion.

To identify cellular and molecular gradients following spinal cord injury (SCI), a rat contusion model of severe SCI was used to investigate the expression of NG2 and molecules that identify astrocytes and axons of the ventral horns (VH) at different distances on 7 and 30 days post-injury (dpi). A gradient of expression of NG2/Olig2 cells was determined, with the highest concentrations focused close to the injury site. A decrease in NG2 mean intensity correlates with a decrease in the number of NG2 cells more distally.

Molecular size and molecular structure: Discriminating their changes upon chemical reactions in terms of information entropy.

Structural descriptors take the central place in the digitalization of chemical reactions. Information entropy is one of such descriptors that has been a seminal for numerous derivative indices. Previously, we have studied the rules of calculating information entropies of molecular ensembles based on the corresponding values of constituting molecules and found that the complexity of the ensemble has the contributions from the molecular structure and the size of the molecules.

Information Entropy in Chemistry: An Overview.

Basic applications of the information entropy concept to chemical objects are reviewed. These applications deal with quantifying chemical and electronic structures of molecules, signal processing, structural studies on crystals, and molecular ensembles. Recent advances in the mentioned areas make information entropy a central concept in interdisciplinary studies on digitalizing chemical reactions, chemico-information synthesis, crystal engineering, as well as digitally rethinking basic notions of structural chemistry in terms of informatics.

Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity.

. Despite considerable interest in the search for a spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, there is a critical need to develop a panel of diagnostic biomarkers to determine injury severity. In this regard, there is a requirement for continuing research into the fundamental processes of neuroinflammatory and autoimmune reactions in SCI, identifying changes in the expression of cytokines.

Sonochemical synthesis of novel C fullerene 1,4-oxathiane derivative through the intermediate fullerene radical anion.

We have discovered a selective and efficient method for the synthesis of previously unknown 1,9-(1',4'-oxathiano)-1,9-dihydro-(C-I)[5,6]fullerene, a compound with the direct attachment of the sulfur atom to the fullerene core. The method is based on the reaction of C with 1,2-hydroxythiols in the presence of inorganic bases in air under ultrasonication. The significance of ultrasound has been exemplified with the comparative conventional methods.

First α-deuterium nitroxides; synthesis and EPR study.

Herein is reported the first preparation of stable α-deuterium nitroxides of the IAPNO family. The confirmation and characteristics of the α-deuterium nitroxides and their α-hydrogen analogues are compared and analyzed. Such α-deuterium nitroxides may find use in biology, medicine and physical chemistry.

Manganese(iii) acetate-mediated activation of C-H bonds of weak CH-acids; addition of o-carborane, its derivatives, and some other CH-acids to [60]-fullerene.

o-Carborane, 9-I-o-carborane, 1-Me-o-carborane, and several other CH-acids, 9H-fluorene, 2-Br-9H-fluorene, and trimethylsylylacetylene, have been shown to react with C60 affording their monoadducts with fullerene, the reaction being mediated by Mn(OAc)3·2H2O. In the case of o-carborane, when the molar ratio of C60 : o-carborane : Mn(OAc)3·2H2O was 1 : 21 : 20, polyaddition occurred to furnish adducts bearing between one and six o-C2HB10H10 groups. A distinguishing characteristic of the carboranyl derivatives of C60 obtained appeared to be that the carboranyl moieties were connected to the fullerenyl one by their carbon atom.

Estimated costs for treatment and prophylaxis of newborn vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a preventable cause of infant mortality and long-term morbidity through the world. This study aimed to demonstrate the costs of VKDB treatment estimated from the hospital records in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, as well as the prophylaxis costs for mass vitamin K medication. Subjects were 50 patients with no operation and 50 patients who had received a brain operation, consecutively enrolled from 180 cases diagnosed at Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine in 2014.

A mechanistic study of manganese(iii) acetate-mediated phosphonyl group additions to [60]- and [70]-fullerenes: the oxidative-ion-transfer mechanism vs. free radical addition.

The phosphonylation of C with HP(O)(OAlk) and Mn(OAc)·2HO has been considered to occur via a free radical (FR) path involving intermediate radicals ˙P(O)(OAlk). The present study provides evidence in support of another mechanism for the reactions, oxidative-ion-transfer (OIT). The mechanism involves the change of an acetate group in Mn(OAc) for the phosphonate group and oxidation of C by the Mn(OAc)P(O)(OAlk) formed to a pair: (C˙, Mn(OAc)P(O)(OAlk)˙) followed by the transfer of the phosphonate anion to give the monophposphonylfullerenyl radical.

Comment on "Fullerene-based materials for solar cell applications: design of novel acceptors for efficient polymer solar cells--a DFT study" by A. Mohajeri and A. Omidvar, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 22367.

Though a linear correlation has been recently reported between mean polarizabilities of the fullerene derivatives and open-circuit voltages of organic solar cells based on them, we demonstrate that there is no general dependence between these two values and some related quantities (anisotropy of polarizability and LUMO levels).

Counting the Isomers and Estimation of Anisotropy of Polarizability of the Selected C60 and C70 Bisadducts Promising for Organic Solar Cells.

Currently, bisadducts of C60 and C70 fullerenes are widely studied as electron-acceptor materials for organic solar cells. These compounds are usually used as mixtures of the positional isomers. However, as recently shown, the separate use of the purified isomers with lowest anisotropies of polarizability may enhance solar cell output parameters.

Information Entropy of Fullerenes.

The reasons for the formation of the highly symmetric C60 molecule under nonequilibrium conditions are widely discussed as it dominates over numerous similar fullerene structures. In such conditions, evolution of structure rather than energy defines the processes. We have first studied the diversity of fullerenes in terms of information entropy.

Polarizability of fullerene [2+2]-dimers: a DFT study.

Currently, the exaltation of polarizability of (C60)2 dimers has been predicted with DFT-methods (D. Sh. Sabirov, RSC Adv.

Density functional theory study on the decay of fullerenyl radicals RC60•, ROC60•, and ROOC60• (R = tert-butyl and cumyl) and polarizability of the formed fullerene dimers.

Currently, there are no comparative studies on the possible routes of decay of fullerenyl radicals. Such information is required for development of new synthetic approaches to the fullerene derivatives, obtained via radical reactions, and understanding mechanisms of oxidative destruction of fullerene-containing materials. In the present work, we have performed a theoretical study on the possible reactions of the selected fullerenyl radicals, generated in the well-known experimental systems.

Ozone addition to C60 and C70 fullerenes: a DFT study.

Three modes of synchronous ozone addition ([6.6]-, [5.6]-, and 1,4-addition) to C(60) fullerene and three modes of ozone addition to C(70) (ab-, cc-, and de-addition) have been studied using density functional theory calculations.