Monosaccharide profiling of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) nervous system during development and aging.

Glycoconjugates have various functions in differentiation, development, aging and in all aspects of normal functioning of organisms. The reason for increased research on this topic is that glycoconjugates locate mostly on the cell surface and play crucial biological roles in the nervous system including brain development, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Considering their roles in the nervous system, information about their existence in the insect nervous system is rather sparse.

Reliability of intravitreal nepafenac in rabbits.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the possible toxic effects of Nepafenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecule, after its intravitreal application in various concentrations.

Methods: Forty pigmented rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, each including 10 rabbits. The active ingredient Nepafenac was prepared to be applied in different doses, for intravitreal use.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates and toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey.

Currently, some Toxoplasma gondii genotypes are being associated with serious clinical presentations. A recent report showing the Africa 1 genotype in two local congenital toxoplasmosis cases acquired in Turkey formed the basis of this study because atypical Africa 1 genotype is most frequently detected in animals and patients from sub-Saharan Africa. Since stray cats are considered as the linkage between wild life and urban life in T.

[Demonstration of Cryptosporidium parvum in immune suppressed rats using nested PCR].

Objective: In the present study, the aim is to demonstrate Cryptosporidium parvum 18S small-subunit rRNA gene, in lung and stool samples of immune suppressed rats. This gene region is specific for Cryptosporidium spp. and thus can be used in humans for routine diagnostic procedures.

The glutathione-related detoxication responses to juvenile and ecdysone hormones in Galleria mellonella.

The effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) on the glutathione pathway of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was determined by investigating glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well as reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) content with respect to developmental stage. The continuous decreases of GSH-Px and GST activities dependent on the growth period of G. mellonella occurred in JH and 20E groups over and under their controls, respectively.

Detection of Pneumocystis in the nasal swabs of immune-suppressed rats by use of PCR and microscopy.

Background: Detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci colonization in lungs or oral samples due to high sensitivity of PCR methods results in undue treatment of patients without any symptoms of Pneumocystis pneumonia. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate Pneumocystis carinii in rats, immune suppressed by oral and subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone.

Material/methods: Blood, oral, nasal and eye swabs were collected prior to immune suppression and 2, 6, 12 weeks after administration of dexamethasone.

Cleavage of Atg3 protein by caspase-8 regulates autophagy during receptor-activated cell death.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism contributing to cell survival under stress conditions including nutrient and growth factor deprivation. Connections and cross-talk between cell death mechanisms and autophagy is under investigation. Here, we describe Atg3, an essential regulatory component of autophagosome biogenesis, as a new substrate of caspase-8 during receptor-mediated cell death.

Induction of apoptosis by fatty acid ethyl esters in HepG2 cells.

Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are esterification products of ethanol and fatty acids which have been found particularly in the organ damaged by ethanol abuse. To evaluate any effect of FAEEs on HepG2 cells, we added FAEEs to cell culture medium. Electrophoresis of DNA from HepG2 cells exposed to 18.

Biochemical and morphological characteristics of selenite-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells.

Selenium is a cellular growth inhibitor in many mammary tumor cells. To comprehend the mechanism for the selenium-induced cell death, we examined the effects of sodium selenite, which has been one of the most extensively investigated selenium compounds, in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells.Cell viability gradually decreased after treatment with sodium selenite within the concentration range of 10-50 microM.

Characterization of the cellular response during apoptosis induction in cadmium-treated Hep G2 human hepatoma cells.

Cadmium is a toxic transition heavy metal of continuing occupational and environmental concern, with a wide variety of adverse effects on regulation of gene expression and cellular signal transduction pathways. Injury to cells by cadmium leads to a complex series of events that can culminate in the death of the cell. It has been reported that cadmium induces apoptosis in many cell lines.