Aerosol Jet-Printed High-Aspect Ratio Micro-Needle Electrode Arrays Applied for Human Cerebral Organoids and 3D Neurospheroid Networks.

The human brain is a complex and poorly accessible organ. Thus, new tools are required for studying the neural function in a controllable environment that preserves multicellular interaction and neuronal wiring. In particular, high-throughput methods that alleviate the need for animal experiments are essential for future studies.

Inkjet-Printed and Electroplated 3D Electrodes for Recording Extracellular Signals in Cell Culture.

Recent investigations into cardiac or nervous tissues call for systems that are able to electrically record in 3D as opposed to 2D. Typically, challenging microfabrication steps are required to produce 3D microelectrode arrays capable of recording at the desired position within the tissue of interest. As an alternative, additive manufacturing is becoming a versatile platform for rapidly prototyping novel sensors with flexible geometric design.

Fully Printed μ-Needle Electrode Array from Conductive Polymer Ink for Bioelectronic Applications.

Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used platforms in bioelectronics to study electrogenic cells. In recent years, the processing of conductive polymers for the fabrication of three-dimensional electrode arrays has gained increasing interest for the development of novel sensor designs. Here, additive manufacturing techniques are promising tools for the production of MEAs with three-dimensional electrodes.