Anti-rituximab antibodies in pediatric steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that induces sustained remission in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. However, there is no consensus on the optimal regimen and monitoring of rituximab. In other autoimmune diseases, anti-rituximab antibodies (ARA) have been reported in 10-40% of patients, but their clinical relevance remains unclear.

Antiepidermis autoantibodies induced by anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma.

Skin rashes induced by anti-PD-1s are often reported; however, their immunological profiles are currently unknown. We report the case of an atypical eruption induced by pembrolizumab, associated with the occurrence of antiepidermis autoantibodies. As the onset of lesions was concomitant with the favorable tumor response, we suggest that this hybrid rash belongs to a new category of paraneoplastic syndrome, reflecting the intense immunomodulation induced by pembrolizumab.