Relationship between hyoid-carotid distance, hyoid position and morphology and degree of stenosis and associated stroke: Hyoid-carotid relationship.

Background: Pressure on carotid artery by hyoid bone may influence plaque formation. We studied CTA-based hyoid-carotid anatomical interaction and its relationship with carotid stenosis degree and stenosis-related stroke.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed pre-operative CTA of 205 consecutive adults having undergone carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for asymptomatic or symptomatic stenosis.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Posterior/Anterior Periventricular WMH Ratio to Differentiate CAA From Hypertensive Arteriopathy.

Background: Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMHs) in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) have been reported posterior predominant using semiautomated segmentation method and logarithmic transformation. We aimed to compare PVWMH extent and posterior/anterior distribution between patients with CAA and patients with hypertensive arteriopathy with radiological tools available in daily practice.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed confluent PVWMH directly adjacent to lateral ventricles on axial FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) from 108 patients with CAA and 99 patients with hypertensive arteriopathy presenting with hemorrhage-related symptoms consecutively recruited in our stroke database (Nîmes University Hospital, France) between January 2015 and March 2022.

CD138 as a Specific CSF Biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis, addressing the critical need for specific and prognostically valuable markers in the field.

Methods: We conducted an extensive proteomic investigation, combining analysis of (1) CSF proteome from symptomatic controls, fast and slow converters after clinically isolated syndromes, and patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 10 per group) using label-free quantitative proteomics and (2) oligodendrocyte secretome changes under proinflammatory or proapoptotic conditions using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture. Proteins exhibiting differential abundance in both proteomic analyses were combined with other putative MS biomarkers, yielding a comprehensive list of 87 proteins that underwent quantification through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) in a novel cohort, comprising symptomatic controls, inflammatory neurologic disease controls, and patients with MS at various disease stages (n = 10 per group).

Cerebellar Superficial Siderosis in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy on 1.5T T2*-Weighted Imaging.

Background: Cerebellar superficial siderosis (SS) has been recently reported to be present in about 10% of both hereditary and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) on 3T MRI using primarily susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Objectives: Our aim was to assess cerebellar SS in sporadic CAA patients using 1.5T T2*-weighted MRI and to evaluate possible underlying mechanisms.

Personalized dietary advices provided by a dietitian increase calcium intake in outpatients with multiple sclerosis-Results from a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial.

Background And Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with osteoporosis, possibly due to neurological disability and decreased calcium intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a personalized nutritional advice program by a dietitian compared to the delivery of a standard advice form to optimize dietary calcium intake in outpatients with MS.

Methods: We performed a randomized, controlled, parallel trial comparing the efficacy of a personalized dietary advice (PDA) program to standard advice form (SAF) to increase daily calcium intake in MS patients.

Brain hemorrhage on 24h-CT and functional outcome in stroke patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy features on pre-thrombolysis MRI treated with intravenous thrombolysis: A case series.

Background And Objectives: In stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), presence and high number of strictly lobar cerebral microbleeds (compatible with cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA) seems to be associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation, symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation, remote hemorrhage, and poor functional outcome. Some of these CAA patients with cerebral microbleeds also have chronic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Few data are available on IVT-treated CAA patients showing cortical superficial siderosis.

Kappa Free Light Chain Biomarkers Are Efficient for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Large Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Kappa free light chains (KFLC) seem to efficiently diagnose MS. However, extensive cohort studies are lacking to establish consensus cut-offs, notably to rule out non-MS autoimmune CNS disorders. Our objectives were to (1) determine diagnostic performances of CSF KFLC, KFLC index, and KFLC intrathecal fraction (IF) threshold values that allow us to separate MS from different CNS disorder control populations and compare them with oligoclonal bands' (OCB) performances and (2) to identify independent factors associated with KFLC quantification in MS.

Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Are Predictive of Clinical Conversion in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and CSF NfL (cNfL) in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) for evidence of disease activity (EDA) and clinical conversion (CC).

Methods: sNfL and cNfL were measured at RIS diagnosis by single-molecule array (Simoa). The risk of EDA and CC according to sNfL and cNfL was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression models including age, spinal cord (SC) or infratentorial lesions, oligoclonal bands, CSF chitinase 3-like protein 1, and CSF white blood cells.

Primary acute convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage in older patients: analysis of baseline, clinical and MRI characteristics including quantitative surface study and topographical probabilistic mapping of convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objectives: Primary acute convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) in older patients can be observed in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or idiopathic (with cSAH as potential initial manifestation of suspected CAA). We aimed to analyze baseline, clinical and MRI (including quantitative cSAH surface analysis and topographical probabilistic cSAH mapping) characteristics in elderly cSAH patients with CAA.

Materials And Methods: Baseline/clinical/MRI characteristics of 50 consecutive primary acute cSAH patients ≥ 55 years with suspected/possible/probable CAA were retrospectively analyzed.

Association of symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid arteries with plaque areas showing low densities on computed tomographic angiography.

Background And Purpose: Intraplaque hemorrhage is a key feature of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP), associated with low densities (<25 Hounsfield units [HU]) on computed tomographic angiography (CTA). This study aimed to analyze CAP on routine CTA performed in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by assessing HU of the CAP area showing the lowest density (CAPALD) using radiological tools available in daily clinical practice, and to compare CAPALD values between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotids.

Methods: We retrospectively screened preoperative CTA scans of 206 consecutive adult patients undergoing CEA for symptomatic or asymptomatic stenosis.

Brain Infarction MRI Pattern in Stroke Patients with Intracardiac Thrombus.

Background: Acute infarction patterns have been described in cardioembolic stroke, mainly with atrial fibrillation (AF) or patent foramen ovale. We aimed to analyse acute infarction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in stroke patients with intracardiac thrombus (ICT) compared with stroke patients with AF.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study analysing brain MRI scans of consecutive acute symptomatic cardioembolic infarction patients associated with ICT or AF who were recruited and registered in the stroke database between June 2018 and November 2019.

Comparison of Simoa and Ella to assess serum neurofilament-light chain in multiple sclerosis.

We compared Simoa and Ella immunoassays to assess serum neurofilament-light chain levels in 203 multiple sclerosis patients from the OFSEP HD study. There was a strong correlation (ρ = 0.86, p < 0.

F-FDOPA-PET in pseudotumoral brain lesions.

Introduction: 3,4-Dihydroxy-6-[F]-fluoro-L-phenylalanine (FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) is sensitive for identifying primary brain tumors. However, increased FDOPA uptake has been reported in pseudotumoral brain lesions. Our aim was to analyse FDOPA-PET in patients with pseudotumoral brain lesions and to compare them with patients with brain tumors.

NOTCH1 nuclear interactome reveals key regulators of its transcriptional activity and oncogenic function.

Activating mutations in NOTCH1, an essential regulator of T cell development, are frequently found in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Despite important advances in our understanding of Notch signal transduction, the regulation of Notch functions in the nucleus remains unclear. Using immunoaffinity purification, we identified NOTCH1 nuclear partners in T-ALL cells and showed that, beyond the well-characterized core activation complex (ICN1-CSL-MAML1), NOTCH1 assembles a multifunctional complex containing the transcription coactivator AF4p12, the PBAF nucleosome remodeling complex, and the histone demethylases LSD1 and PHF8 acting through their demethylase activity to promote epigenetic modifications at Notch-target genes.

Microprocessor, Setx, Xrn2, and Rrp6 co-operate to induce premature termination of transcription by RNAPII.

Transcription elongation is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism of gene regulation. Here, we show that microprocessor controls gene expression in an RNAi-independent manner. Microprocessor orchestrates the recruitment of termination factors Setx and Xrn2, and the 3'-5' exoribonuclease, Rrp6, to initiate RNAPII pausing and premature termination at the HIV-1 promoter through cleavage of the stem-loop RNA, TAR.

Genome-scale analysis of metazoan replication origins reveals their organization in specific but flexible sites defined by conserved features.

In metazoans, thousands of DNA replication origins (Oris) are activated at each cell cycle. Their genomic organization and their genetic nature remain elusive. Here, we characterized Oris by nascent strand (NS) purification and a genome-wide analysis in Drosophila and mouse cells.

Intestinal epithelial stem cells do not protect their genome by asymmetric chromosome segregation.

The idea that stem cells of adult tissues with high turnover are protected from DNA replication-induced mutations by maintaining the same 'immortal' template DNA strands together through successive divisions has been tested in several tissues. In the epithelium of the small intestine, the provided evidence was based on the assumption that stem cells are located above Paneth cells. The results of genetic lineage-tracing experiments point instead to crypt base columnar cells intercalated between Paneth cells as bona fide stem cells.