Surgical simulation of hypospadias repair - High-fidelity, reproducible and affordable animal tissue model.

Introduction: Teaching methods in hypospadias repair are still traditional. Available simulators often lack authenticity in terms of haptic feedback and realistic tissue handling.

Objective: Our aim was to develop a high-fidelity, easily reproducible, and affordable animal tissue model for the advanced surgical simulation of hypospadias repair with realistic haptic feedback and tissue handling.