Placental abruption and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with birth weight ≥1500 grams; US national database study.

Background: The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is multifactorial, placental abruption is associated with serious neonatal complications attributed to disruption of the maternal-fetal vascular interface. This study aimed to investigate the association between placental abruption and NEC.

Methods: We analyzed the United States (US) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset for the years 2016-2018.

Neonatal Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type 1: Weaving Evidence Into Clinical Practice.

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a rare genetic peroxisome biogenesis disorder with a reported incidence of 1 in 100 000 live births. The 3 genetic subtypes of RCDP are acquired by an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. RCDP type 1 accounts for greater than 90% of all aggregate cases.

Hyperbilirubinemia diminishes respiratory drive in a rat pup model.

Although apnea is common in premature babies, there is a paucity of information concerning the pathophysiologic basis of these episodes and their relationship to other perinatal conditions such as hyperbilirubinemia. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in premature infants, even in moderately high levels, may cause encephalopathy affecting brainstem functions and has been linked to increased incidence of apnea in these infants. Thus, there is a need to clarify mechanisms by which bilirubin may alter respiratory control and induce apnea of prematurity.

Short-term mechanical ventilation increases airway reactivity in rat pups.

We used a rat pup model to delineate whether mechanical ventilation of 95% O2). After each intervention, they were returned to their mothers.

Management of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in North America.

The in-hospital management of infants with BPD includes minimizing the duration of mechanical ventilation and avoiding the use of high inspired oxygen concentrations while maintaining adequate oxygenation. Fluid restriction, bronchodilators, and diuretic therapy can improve lung function and reduce the need for supplemental oxygen and high ventilator settings, but do not change the ultimate course of these infants. Corticosteroids also improve lung function and accelerate weaning from oxygen and mechanical ventilation, but their use during the first weeks of life is associated with worse neurological outcome.