Sexual dimorphism in limb long bones of the German Shepherd Dog.

The study of sexual dimorphism in dog anatomy, especially with regard to skeletal elements, has received little attention. The present work focuses on elements of the canine stylo- and zeugopodium, less documented than the skull or pelvis in the literature. In order to identify only sex-dependent effects, we analysed a single breed: the German Shepherd Dog.

An experimental animal model for percutaneous procedures used in trigeminal neuralgia.

Object: This study describes an experimental rabbit model that allows the reproduction of percutaneous operations that are used in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Attention was given to an exact anatomical description of the rabbit's middle cranial fossa as well as the establishment of conditions for a successful procedure.

Methods: Morphometric measurements were taken from 20 rabbit skulls and CT scans.

Dispersal pattern of injectate following CT-guided perineural infiltration in the canine thoracolumbar spine: a cadaver study.

An increasing proportion of canine patients are presented with chronic thoracolumbar back pain and without compressive spinal lesions. In humans, spinal perineural infiltrations have been reported to have a favorable effect on pain control. The purpose of this prospective cadaver study was to describe the dispersal pattern of injectate following CT-guided spinal perineural infiltration in the canine thoracolumbar region.

Use of a 3D laser scan technique to compare the surface geometry of the medial coronoid process in dogs affected with medial compartment disease with unaffected controls.

Subchondral bone surface geometry of the medial coronoid process was examined in 20 grossly normal elbow joints of adult German Shepherd dogs (GSDs) and compared with results obtained from 10 joints of adult GSDs and 12 joints of adult Rottweilers affected with bilateral fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (FMCP). Additionally, seven dogs (4 GSDs and 3 Rottweilers) with unilateral FMCP were investigated. The subchondral contour of the ulnar trochlear notch was digitised to obtain the 3D coordinates of its surface points.

Admissions procedures at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.

Rationale For This Study: The admission procedure implemented in fall 2005 in consequence of new laws passed in summer 2005 is described and evaluated. The general set-up, the underlying considerations, and the changes resulting from the establishment of this procedure are presented.

Methodology: Admission variables and demographic information (sex, age, nationality) for 172 students who entered their first academic year at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (VUW) and their academic performance measured according to their results in the three first-year examinations (successful versus unsuccessful) were assessed.

Effect of the recently established admissions procedure on success in the first-year exams at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.

Rationale For This Study: The purpose of this study was to compare the success during the first academic year of students who underwent an admissions procedure (class 2005) and students of the three previous classes (2002-2004), who did not undergo an admissions procedure but took their exams under the same curricular framework.

Methodology: Exam results of 802 students of the 2002-2004 classes were compared with those of 181 students from the 2005 class.

Results: Students of the 2005 class were more likely to pass all three exams given in the first academic year than students of the 2002-2004 classes (p < 0.

Arteriogenesis depends on circulating monocytes and macrophage accumulation and is severely depressed in op/op mice.

It has been suggested that monocytes/macrophages represent the pivotal cell type during early adaptive growth of pre-existent arterial anastomoses toward functional collateral arteries (arteriogenesis) upon arterial occlusion. This hypothesis was supported by previous studies providing evidence that elevation of the peripheral monocyte count, increased monocyte survival (e.g.

Assessment of the geometry of the cubital (elbow) joint of dogs by use of magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To assess joint geometry and highlight potential evidence of physiologic incongruity in cubital (elbow) joints of large, small, and chondrodystrophic breeds of dogs.

Sample Population: Nonarthritic elbow joints obtained from cadavers of mature dogs of large breeds (n = 19), small breeds (14), or chondrodystrophic breeds (8).

Procedure: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify interosseous gaps at 6 defined positions and 2 sagittal planes of the humeroantebrachial region by use of a fat-suppressed 3-dimensional gradient-echo sequence.

Comparative assessment of bone mineral measurements obtained by use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and chemical-physical analyses in femurs of juvenile and adult dogs.

Objective: To compare bone mineral measurements obtained by use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and chemical-physical analyses and determine effects of age and femur size on values obtained for the various techniques.

Sample Population: Femurs obtained from 15 juvenile and 15 adult large-breed dogs.

Procedure: n each femur, 7 regions of interest were examined by use of DEXA to measure the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), and 5 were examined by use of pQCT to measure BMD.

Appearance and incidence of sacroiliac joint disease in ventrodorsal radiographs of the canine pelvis.

Ventrodorsal (VD) radiographs of cadaveric pelves of large and giant breeds (n = 40) and of the corresponding bone specimens were made. Gross changes seen in the specimens were marked with metal wire or radiopaque paint to relate radiographic changes to the postmortem appearance of degenerative sacroiliac (SI) joint lesions. Two positioning techniques were used, resulting in two radiographs for each specimen.

Appearance of the sacroiliac joint in ventrodorsal radiographs of the normal canine pelvis.

Radiology of the canine sacroiliac (SI) joint was investigated by obtaining ventrodorsal radiographs of cadaveric pelves and bone specimens (n = 40) marked with solder wire or radiopaque paint to demonstrate the orientation of the sacroiliac joint in various radiographic views. In the following retrospective radiographic study (n = 94 survey sacroiliac joint radiographs), central projections of the sacrum were noted to ease identification of the dorsal, middle and ventral joint components, whereas angled projections of the sacrum had advantages when assessing the cranial joint components. Radiographic assessment was already successful in juvenile dogs older than 5 months.

Use of routine ventrodorsal radiographic views of the pelvis to assess inclination of the wings of the sacrum in dogs.

Objective: To determine the ratio of ventral-to-dorsal transverse diameters between the wings of the sacrum on ventrodorsal radiographic views of the pelvis in large dogs and to validate the reliability of this morphometric analysis for functional interpretation.

Sample Population: Pelvic specimens from 40 large-breed dogs and radiographs of 113 large-breed dogs.

Procedure: In an anatomic and radiographic evaluation, the transverse dorsal diameter (TVDS) and transverse ventral diameter (TVV) between the wings of the sacrum were evaluated in sacrum specimens and on corresponding radiographs of the pelvis and sacrum.

Functional adaptations of facet geometry in the canine thoracolumbar and lumbar spine (Th10-L6).

The shape, size and transverse distance between contralateral caudal articular processes of caudal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were evaluated in a sample of 140 macerated canine spines to contribute to the understanding of the development of vertebral misalignment. Dogs were grouped as large, chondrodystrophic, and small breeds. In large dogs, caudal articular surfaces were adapted to higher body-weight by the presence of larger articular surfaces.

The diameter of the vertebral canal in dogs in cases of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae or numerical vertebral variations.

From Th1 to L7 midsagittal and interpedicular vertebral canal diameters were measured in macerated spines of 162 dogs to determine, whether the presence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae or numerical vertebral variations are associated with dislocation of the maximal enlargement of the lumbar vertebral canal. Relative to dogs with a regular number of 27 presacral vertebrae (C7/Th13/L7), the maximal enlargement of the lumbar vertebral canal was more frequently ( P < 0.05) located at vertebra 24 in dogs with 26 presacral vertebrae (C7/Th13/L6), and more frequently at vertebra 25 in dogs with 28 presacral vertebrae (C7/Th13/L8).