Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus castoreus isolated from carcasses of European beavers (Castor fiber) in Germany.

Streptococcus (S.) castoreus was isolated from seven beavers (Castor fiber), which were found dead in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, and submitted to the Berlin-Brandenburg State laboratory for post mortem diagnostics. The isolates originated from various inflammatory processes where they were associated with other Gram negative and Gram positive aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria (i.

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and occurrence of resistance genes in bovine Helcococcus ovis isolates.

The aim of the study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibilities of bovine Helcococcus ovis isolates and to detect genes encoding for H. ovis erythromycin and tetracycline resistance. Twenty-nine isolates were included and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of seven antimicrobials were determined using test conditions as given in an approved CLSI guideline for the pyridoxal-dependent Abiotrophia spp.

Bicarbonate-dependent and bicarbonate-independent mechanisms contribute to nondiffusive uptake of acetate in the ruminal epithelium of sheep.

The present study investigated the significance of apical transport proteins for ruminal acetate absorption and their interaction with different anions. In anion competition experiments in the washed reticulorumen, chloride disappearance rate (initial concentration, 28 mM) was inhibited by the presence of a short-chain fatty acid mixture (15 or 30 mM of each acetate, propionate, and butyrate). Disappearance rates of acetate and propionate, but not butyrate (initial concentration, 25 mM each) were diminished by 40 or 80 mM chloride.

Cultured ruminal epithelial cells express a large-conductance channel permeable to chloride, bicarbonate, and acetate.

The absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) from the rumen requires efficient mechanisms for both apical uptake and basolateral extrusion. Previous studies suggest that the rumen expresses a basolateral chloride conductance that might be permeable to SCFA. In order to characterize this conductance in more detail, isolated cultured ruminal epithelial cells were studied with the patch-clamp technique, revealing a whole-cell conductance with p(Cl(-)) approximately p(NO(3) (-)) > p(HCO(3) (-)) > p(acetate(-)) > p(gluconate(-)).